中考英语考前速记清单

（英语老师最后叮嘱的68条语法要点）

1．建议

advice 建议，忠告（不可数）; 

suggestion建议（可数）

   ________ useful advice you gave me!  (What)

   ________ valuable suggestion you have offered me! (What a)

2. room / space / place:

room“房间”（可数）;“空间”（不可数）

Could you make some room for me? 

你能为我让一下空间吗？

space“太空; 空间” （不可数）    in space在宇宙太空       

 Is there any space for me in the car? 

车里有给我留的空间吗？(此处和room的含义相当)

 place“地方”（可数），指某一具体地点。

 I want to live in a place which is warm in winter. 

我想住在冬季温暖的一个地方。

 It is a wonderful place to go (to).

3. news/ information/ message

news新闻，消息（不可数）; 

information信息（不可数）;

message音信，口信（可数）：

Can I take a message for you?

May I leave a message?

4. job/ work

 job, 可数：

I have a job as a teacher.     

 work, 不可数：

I cannot find work in this town.  

5. 声音voice/ noise/ sound 

voice指人的声音或嗓音; 

noise指难听刺耳的噪音，吵闹声; 

sound指声音的总称。

6. 数量 number / amount 

number 指可数名词的数量; 

amount 指不可数名词的数量

7.the/ a  number of

the number of “…的数量”； 

a number of: “许多的”, 都跟可数名词复数。

前者作主语，谓语用单数；后者作主语，谓语用复数。

The number of the trees______ two thousand.   （用单数谓语is. 另注意trees前有限定词）

 A number of trees ________ been cut down.   （用复数谓语have. 另注意trees前无限定词）

8. other; else

other 修饰名词，放于名词前。

else修饰疑问词和不定代词、不定副词，放在后面。

What else can you see in the picture?   

Do you have anything else to say?   

Where else can you see it?

Jim is taller than any _____ boy in his class. (other)

9. well/ good

well:1)adj 指身体健康状况好：

You look well today.

2) adv 修饰动词或形容词: sell well畅销，do well in ; be well worth doing 很值得做

 good：adj.修饰人或物 be good at; smell good

 The clothes look _______ and they sell _______ on the market. (good; well)

10. already/ yet

already用于肯定句; yet用于否定句和疑问句

11. also; too; as well; either

“也”：either, 用于否定句的末尾。

also, 通常挨着动词，少用于句尾。

too, 通常在句尾，前常有逗号。

as well, 只用于句尾, 前无逗号。  

注意：后三个词都不用于否定句。

12. before; ago

ago“…时间前”结构：时间段+ago, 用于一般过去时。

The Greens moved to Shanghai four weeks ago.   I saw it ten minutes ago.     

 (若有since+时间段+ago，常用现在完成时：Mr. Li has worked here since 5 years ago.)

  before 单独放在句尾，常用现在完成时：“以前” I have been to London before.  

 (若是时间段+before,常用过去完成时，“…前”：I had seen the film two weeks before. )  

13. almost; nearly; hardly

almost 几乎，差不多，后接肯定或否定词；nearly几乎，差不多，后接肯定意义的词。

hardly几乎不，表否定。 

14. too much, too many与much too:

 much too“过于”，加形容词或副词原级。

much too hot / slowly等。

 too much“太多的”，加不可数名词。

too much work / rain等。

 too many“太多的”，加可数复数。

too many books / people等。

15. a bit / a little区别：

都可作副词，后直接加形容词或副词。

 I’m a bit / a little hungry.   She feels a bit / a little tired.

 也都可作代词（或形容词），后接不可数名词，但有所不同：

She ate a little bread and went out.   (a little 直接加不可数名词)  

She ate a bit of bread. （a bit先加of，再跟名词）

16. everyday与every day: 

everyday是形容词，后接名词，“日常的”。

He is practicing everyday English.   

every day是副词，作时间状语，“每天”。

We speak English every day.

17．wish;hope

① wish既可接to do sth.  也可接sb + to do sth.  也可接that从句.

I wish to spend my summer holiday in Qingdao.    I wish you to join my party this Sunday.

I wish (that) I could be a scientist. （注：接that从句时，从句用虚拟语气。）

wish还用来接祝愿语：wish sb a great success; wish you a happy journey; wish you good luck等。

② hope接to do sth. 或that从句. 但不接sb to do sth.

I hope to receive a letter from you some day.    I hope you will get well soon.

18. spend; take; cost; pay

①It + take + sb + some time + to do sth：    

 It took us half an hour to cut down the tree.

②物 + cost + sb + 钱： 

The bag cost me thirty yuan.

   若cost后无sb, 则译作“价钱是”： 

The bag costs 30 Yuan.

③人+ pay + sb + 钱 + for sth：   I paid the seller 200 Yuan for the bike.

④人 + spend + 时间/ 钱 + on sth / (in) doing sth.

   The girl spent two hours (in) searching the Internet.

   The girl always spends much money on her clothes.

   spend 有时可指“度过”：spend holiday / weekends / winter

19. put on; wear; dress；in

①put on,“穿上”后接物。表行为，是短暂动词。

You should put on your coat when you leave.

②wear,“穿，穿着”后接物，表状态，是延续性动词。

He always wears the yellow sweater in winter.    

③dress, “给…穿衣”后接人。

Lucy is dressing her little brother now.

be dressed in后常接具有某种特征的衣物。也可直接加表示颜色的词。

The lady is dressed in a white skirt.    

The students are all dressed in yellow.

get dressed “穿好衣服”，常不接宾语:  

He went out as soon as he got dressed.

dress up (as) ...“装扮（成）......”

He dressed up as a clown. 

他装扮成小丑。

④in, “穿着”后接具有某种特征的衣物，表状态，是介词，不可作谓语，可作状语。

也可以直接加表示颜色的词。  

The woman in a white skirt is my teacher.   

I want to talk to the boy in black. 

(我想找那个穿着黑衣服的男孩谈谈。)

20. reach; arrive; get 到达：

①get to + 地点 get to Shanghai / London / China

 接地点副词时，不带to.  get there / home / here.

②arrive in+大地点(如Beijing / Zhengzhou)，arrive at+小地点(如school / hospital)

arrive只作不及物动词，所以也可单独用：

Please ring me up when you arrive.

③reach只作及物动词，后直接加地点：reach Beijing / England

 但常不说reach home / there / here.

21. talk, tell, say, speak: 

①talk只作不及物动词。

Don’t talk in class.   

Shall we talk about our English study?

He is talking with his teacher.  

 May I talk to you?

(注意talk接人和接物时介词搭配不同：talk with / to sb ;     talk about sth)

②tell只作及物动词,“告诉；讲”。常接双宾结构（tell sb sth.）,常用短语有：tell a lie; tell the truth; tell the difference between ---; tell sb a story; tell a joke

③say必须接有内容，或逻辑上有内容作宾语。  （所接内容见以下划线部分）

Please say it in English.   

How do you say that in English?   

Please show me what to say..

Do you have anything to say?   

I must say sorry to you.

④speak ●“说话”不及物动词。

●接人时先加介词to.    May I speak to Mr. Smith?   

●也可译为“说”，作及物动词，后接语言。Do you speak English / Chinese?

22. win与beat区别：

都有“赢”的意思。win后加物：

而beat后加的是人，也可译为“打败”：

I’m afraid they will beat us.

23. leave; forget

①leave可指“离开” 

leave Zhengzhou for Wuhan

离开郑州到武汉

② leave留下；忘记  

I left my book at home.

 leave后接地点，而forget后无地点。如：

Sorry, I forgot the money.

24. take, bring, fetch与carry: 

都译为“拿”。

◆take“拿走”，从说话人处带到另一处。Could you take the rubbish out when you leave?

◆bring“带来”，从另一处带到说话人处。Don’t forget to bring your homework here tomorrow.

◆get“去拿来”，先到另一地拿东西，然后再返回到说话人处。

 如：When you go back to the classroom, please get me my pen.

◆carry“拿、搬、扛”，没有特定方向。Tim is carrying a box.

25. receive; accept

receive指收到，但不一定接受；accept 指接受，收下

I ________ a gift from one of my friends, but I don’t want to _________ it. (receive; accept)

26. put 短语

put on (穿上) 

 put off (推迟)  

put away (把…整理好) 

put up (举起，搭起，挂起，张贴) 

put down (放下) 

put out(扑灭);

27. turn短语

turn on  打开  

turn off   关闭 

 turn up   调大  

turn down  关小 

turn out   结果是

turn to sb  向某人求助

28. give  短语

give away  赠送 

give out  发放

give up  放弃

give back  归还

give in  屈服，让步

29. take 短语

take off  脱下，起飞

take away  拿走

take out  拿出 

take in  吸收 

take up   从事

30.look 短语

 look up  查找 

look over  仔细查看

look after  照看

look out  当心

look through   浏览

31. used 短语

used to do sth过去常常做某事

be used to doing sth习惯于做某事

be used to do sth =be used for doing sth被用来做某事

32．keep, make, get, have用法：

①keep + sb / sth doing sth “让…一直做…” 

I’m sorry for keeping you waiting so long.   

(区别：keep + doing sth “坚持做某事，一直做某事”)

②make + sb / sth do sth让…做某事(接动原） 

I’ll try to make you understand what I mean.     

make若用于被动语态，原有后接动词原形要改为带to不定式(本文源自锦鲤英语微信公众号)：

I made him wait for long. 

→He was made to wait for long.

③get + sb / sth to do sth.让…做某事。

He got Peter to buy him a pen.

④have + 宾语+ 动词原形 / ing / 过去分词

Have him do it, please.

让他做它吧。（him 和 do 逻辑上形成主谓关系，do用原形。）

We had the machine working.

我们让机器一直工作着。（让某物一直在进行着某事。）

We had the machine repaired.

我们让人修理了那台机器（让机器被修理了，表被动。）

⑤也都可接形容词：keep safe / busy,   keep the door closed / open,

make us happy,  get the door closed,  have everything ready.   

33. in/ after+一段时间

in+一段时间，用于将来时，用how soon提问。

after+一段时间，用于过去时

34.through / past / across 区别: 

都可作介词，“穿过”，前常有位移动词(以下黑体部分)。

He climbed through the window and saw what he could take away. 

（从内部穿过）

He went past me without saying any words.  

（从旁边经过）

 He swam across the river.  

（从表面经过）【through,内部; past,旁边; across,表面】

 位移动词 + past相当于动词pass; 位移动词 + across相当于动词cross.

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