新概念英语-裸婚、裸辞……这些“裸”用英语怎么说？

裸官

裸官并不是指赤身裸体被人拍“艳照”的官员，相反，他们大多衣冠楚楚、冠冕堂皇。之所以被称作“裸官”，是因为他们将自己的妻子、儿女都移居国外，自己孤身一人留在国内做官，就好比一个人身上没有衣服，裸官身边没有妻子儿女，故称“裸”。裸官的好处在于贪污受贿时无所牵挂、无所顾忌，随时可将腐败所得转移出境，万一恶行败露，也可脚底抹油，溜之大吉。因此，裸官是政府预防官员腐败的重点对象。随着越来越多的裸官被抓，中国的裸官现象也引起了西方媒体的注意，纷纷报道中国政府对裸官的打击。有趣的是，这些媒体不约而同地对“裸官”一词采用了直译加解释的方法，以保留汉语词义的原汁原味。比如：

What’s a “naked official” in China? … a “naked official” has nothing to do with porn. It means a crooked functionary who’s sent his family and his assets abroad—assets that people assume were misappropriated largely from public funds. (www.thedailybeast.com)

“Naked officials” refers to civil servants who have sent their families overseas allegedly with their ill-gotten assets. Moving money and family abroad is often seen as a precursor to officials’ own flight. (CNN)

这种直译加解释的翻译方法，既能保留“裸官”一词的隐喻特征，又能使英语读者准确理解其含义，不失为一种理想的处理方法。

裸退

“裸退”也是和官员有关的一个词，指官员退休后不再担任官方、半官方乃至企业、民间机构或群众组织的任何职务，连顾问等名誉职务也不担任。第一个使用这个词的据说是前国务院副总理吴仪，她在2007年宣布自己将完全退休，不再担任任何职务时，使用了“裸退”一词。这种裸退实际上是一种complete or thorough retirement。按照直译加解释的翻译方法 ，可将该词翻译为：

Naked retirement has nothing to do with nakedness. When people have naked retirement, they really retire, rather than take all sorts of honorary positions or consultancy posts. 

裸辞

裸辞和裸退异曲同工。裸辞是指还没有找到新的工作就辞职，说走就走，就是这么任性和洒脱。该词于2010年底荣登中国流行词榜首，成为在年轻白领中流传最广、最快的词汇，也是职场第一大热词。Littler网站对它作了如下描述：

The “naked” resignation—quitting without having new employment lined up—is a growing trend in China, according to China Daily. One headhunter reported that between 30%~40% of his candidates had resigned “naked.” The trend signals a change in cultural attitudes toward employment among the country’s younger workers, who are more frequently valuing personal satisfaction over compensation.

美国在线词典Urban Dictionary也已将该词条收录，解释如下：

Naked resignation: quitting one’s current job before getting the next one.

A: I quit my shitty job yesterday.

B: Oh, you got another one?

A: Nope, it was a naked resignation.

B: Man, you’ve got balls (你真有勇气)!

裸婚

裸婚是指不买房、不买车、不办婚礼甚至没有婚戒而直接领证结婚的一种简朴的结婚方式，是2008年最流行的网络新词。裸婚是已到了成家立业年龄的人们在“无房、无车、无存款”条件下的无奈之举。这里的裸婚和西方的naked wedding (裸体婚礼)显然不是一回事，也不能译作naked wedding，因为它可能根本就没有wedding ceremony。它实际上指的是一种婚姻现象或状态，故可用naked marriage翻译之。比如《基督科学箴言报》(Christian Science Monitor)对它的介绍：

“Naked marriage” refers to couples getting hitched even though the groom brings no apartment or car to the relationship, as is traditional … Naked marriage is a rising phenomenon, especially in big cities such as Beijing and Shanghai where property prices have risen nearly fivefold in the past decade.

维基百科专门有一词条介绍中国裸婚的情况：

Naked Marriage (Chinese: 裸婚), a newly developed concept derived from the Internet in 2008, serves as a description of the increasingly prevalent form of marriage popular among people born after the 1980s in China. In Naked Marriage, loving partners get united without solid material foundation. It typically bears the characteristics of “no house”, “no car”, “no ring”, and “no ceremony” …

裸捐

裸捐就是把所有的个人资产全部捐出做慈善，不留一分钱给自己的子女和亲人。世界最著名的裸捐者是比尔·盖茨，他在从微软总裁的位置上退下后，将自己名下的580亿美元全部捐给梅林达·盖茨基金会，分文没给子女。

“裸捐”有专门对应的英语词汇，即all-out donation (全部捐献)，但汉语称之为“裸捐”似乎更为形象，那么，“裸捐”是否可以译成naked donation呢？通过搜索引擎可以发现，英语媒体中很少有使用这一概念的，即使有，也多是中国媒体使用的，比如China Daily的报道：

Liu Chuanzhi, founder of Lenovo, believes reinvestment of profits into China’s developing businesses is the right thing to do at this stage of China’s growth. “Naked donation”—a term the Chinese press adopted to describe a total commitment to philanthropy—is not a timely concept in his opinion.

虽然西方媒体很少使用，但这种直译加解释的翻译方法还是可以达意的。