【题型专练】阅读理解A-D篇

日期：2024-08-19 13:19 点击：

 

阅读理解

 

A

 

The Most Amazing Honeymoon Destinations Around the World

There are so many honeymoon destinations, therefore sometimes it can be really hard to decide. In this article, we will show you the best honeymoon choices around the world. So pack your bag and be prepared for an unforgettable journey.

St. Lucia

St. Lucia, a place with flowers, waterfalls and wonderful nature scenes, is the right place to spend one’s honeymoon. Besides that, it is also famous for its beautiful hotels, great shopping opportunities, amazing restaurants and dishes as well as the perfect romantic atmosphere for an unforgettable honeymoon.

Bora Bora

The famous Bora Bora is an island in French Polynesia. You and your partner can relax on the beautiful beaches around the world, go swimming, or simply take a sunbath. If you like exciting adventures, you can also go and see some famous volcanoes.

Maui

The Hawaiian Island Maui has been a very popular honeymoon destination for many years already. It not only offers long shorelines of nature scenery, but is also famous for its town parties. You can go to the Maui festivals to experience traditional Hawaiian culture.

Amalfi Coast

The Amalfi Coast is a coastline, which goes along the southern edge of Italy. The famous place is full of colored streets and buildings. The beaches there are small. The Amalfi coast is well-known for its extraordinary food and wine. You definitely have to visit the restaurants there!

1. Which place offers both relaxing and adventurous experiences?

A. St. Lucia. 

B. Bora Bora. 

C. Maui. 

D. Amalfi Coast.

 

2. What do St. Lucia and Amalfi Coast have in common?

A. They are favored by artists. 

B. They have wonderful restaurants.

C. They offer shopping opportunities. 

D. They are known for vast beaches.

 

3. Who is this article intended for?

A. Families planning a vacation. 

B. Explorers seeking excitement.

C. The freshly-graduated students. 

D. The newly-married couples.

 

词汇锦囊

 

 

 

 

① pack vt. 收拾（行李）；装（箱）

② volcano n. 火山

③ shoreline n. 海岸线

④ be full of sth. 充满……；满是……

 

长难句分析

 

 

 

 

The Amalfi Coast is a coastline, which goes along the southern edge of Italy. (Para.5)

这是一个主从复合句。which引导______________，修饰先行词“______________”，关系代词which在从句中作______________。

 

B

 

 

Donating blood gives a ray of hope to someone in need. That’s why Josephine Michaluk, an 81-year-old woman from Canada, is devoted to helping others in this way. In fact, she is the record holder for the most units of blood donated in a lifetime.

Michaluk’s kindness all began in 1965 at the age of 22 when she attended a blood donation event with her sister. Since then, she has been devoted to donating blood as long as her body allows her to do that. Last year, at the age of 80, she officially earned the Guinness World Records title for the most whole blood donated by a female. She had donated 203 pints (品脱) of blood at that point. Thus far, she has reached a total of 209 blood donations and she will continue.

The inspiring woman continues to maintain over four donations annually. Her O+ blood type is highly desired in medical settings, as it is a more universal match than any other positive blood types. The Red Cross Donation states that O+ makes up 38% of the population in the United States. This generous woman’s contributions continue to help reinforce the supply of blood that can be life-saving.

The kindhearted Canadian mentions the physical examination that is completed before any donation. This may include checking blood pressure, hemoglobin (血红蛋白) levels, and pulse rate of the potential donor. Even after donating a pint of blood, Michaluk mentions that she feels refreshed.

Each donation of a pint from start to finish takes about 75 minutes. Throughout her lifetime, Michaluk has spent roughly 15, 675 minutes donating blood. She intends to go ahead to help others as long as she can. Photographed with a shirt that reads, “Are you the type to save a life?” she encourages others to step outside of their comfort zone to help people around the world.

4. What can we learn about Michaluk from the first two paragraphs?

A. She donates blood for material rewards.

B. She was eager to become a record holder.

C. She was encouraged by her brother to donate blood.

D. She will continue to donate blood if physically fit.

 

5. What does the underlined word “reinforce” probably mean in paragraph 3?

A. Balance. 

B. Influence. 

C. Strengthen. 

D. Ensure.

 

6. What is a possible reason for mentioning how Michaluk feels in paragraph 4?

A. To draw attention to the health of the elderly.

B. To explain the process of physical examination.

C. To prove blood donation suits people of all ages.

D. To serve as an inspiration to others to donate blood.

 

7. What does the author think of Josephine Michaluk?

A. Generous.  

B. Humorous.   

C. Talented.   

D. Independent.

 

词汇锦囊

 

 

 

 

① a ray of hope 一丝希望

② title n. 头衔

③ make up 构成

④ step outside of one’s comfort zone 走出某人的舒适区

 

长难句分析

 

 

 

 

Michaluk’s kindness all began in 1965 at the age of 22 when she attended a blood donation event with her sister. (Para.5)

这是一个主从复合句。when引导______________，修饰先行词“______________”，关系副词when在从句中作______________。

 

C

 

A tragic case of Kitty Genovese, who was killed, happened in New York in 1964. However, subsequent investigations concluded that several people saw or heard what was happening, but no one intervened. This has been termed the “bystander effect”—a well-known psychological phenomenon where individuals are less likely to offer help to someone when other people are present. The more people there are, the less likely they are to help.

None of us like to think we’d walk on by when someone needed our help. But sometimes we behave in ways we wouldn’t expect when faced with a situation we are unsure about. While we might like to think we would rush to someone’s assistance, we know from studies that people often hang back. Research from the British Heart Foundation has suggested that a third of people would not give first aid if they saw someone collapse on the street, with some even admitting they wouldn’t call an ambulance.

There are various factors contributing to this effect—people think that others will get involved. Afterwards people often say they did not feel qualified or important enough to be the one to intervene. It is also partly down to “pluralistic ignorance”—since everyone is not reacting to the emergency, they don’t need to either; it’s not serious because no one else is doing anything.

Other studies have shown that once people are aware of the bystander effect, they are less likely to be affected by it. Self-awareness is the best solution to it. When facing an emergency, think to yourself how you would behave if you were on your own. Ignore everyone else and go with your gut (直觉)—If you’d run for help, do it. If that’s how you would have behaved when you were on your own, then that’s probably the right course of action. The worst that can happen is that you’ll look a little foolish at having overreacted. You might also save someone’s life.

8. What is the author’s purpose of telling about the case of Genovese?

A. To show the high frequency of killing. 

B. To highlight the indifference of bystanders.

C. To introduce the topic of the passage. 

D. To lead to the investigations.

 

9. What can we know from paragraph 2?

A. No one would like to admit the truth.

B. People tend to help when no people are present.

C. Few people will encounter uncertain situations.

D. Many people will not rush to help in an emergency.

 

10. What’s paragraph 3 mainly about?

A. The consequences of the phenomenon. 

B. The reactions to different accidents.

C. The seriousness of an emergency. 

D. The reasons for not helping.

 

11. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?

A. Don’t Be a Bystander 

B. Life-Saving Response

C. Importance of First Aid    

D. Reactions in Emergency

 

词汇锦囊

 

 

 

 

① intervene vi. 干预；干涉

② bystander effect 旁观者效应

③ hang back 犹豫；畏缩

④ pluralistic ignorance 多元无知

 

长难句分析

 

 

 

 

However, subsequent investigations concluded that several people saw or heard what was happening, but no one intervened. (Para.1)

这是一个主从复合句。that引导______________，作“concluded”的______________；what引导______________，作“______________”的宾语。

 

D

 

Jokes and humor are often thought of as unimportant things. If the lawyer defending you in court couldn’t stop joking, you’d be understandably alarmed.

However, regarding humour as insignificance is a mistake. Humour, jokes and laughter, have a vital role to play in human behaviour and interaction. They are a powerful part of social bonding and are genuinely beneficial for health via their stress-relieving properties.

Why do we respond, in such powerful and rewarding ways, to things that objectively make little sense? A substantial amount of data has been generated regarding how humour works in the brain and on the various types of recognizable jokes that trigger it.

Verbal puns, the most familiar type of joke, involve words that convey two meanings at once. For example, “Why did the golfer wear two pairs of trousers? In case he got a hole in one.” Here “hole in one” has two possible interpretations. Their simplicity and familiarity mean most people recognize the humour in puns. So, the brain’s humour processes are still engaged.

But where does humour arise from in the brain? Considerable research points towards a specific system in the brain for recognizing humour. This system seemingly detects and resolves incongruity (不和谐). Our brains know how things, like language and behaviors, should work. But, in the real world, many things don’t match our expectations. It seems our brains have evolved a system to recognize when this happens.

If normality is subverted, it means we don’t know what’s going to happen, which creates cognitive (认知) tension. However, the system that recognizes incongruity seemingly also resolves it, by providing an explanation, or at least a confirmation that the incongruity has no negative consequences. This removes the uncertainty, relieving the tension. So, we experience a rewarding feeling. If the incongruity is not resolved, however, humour is absent. If the answer to “Why did the golfer wear two pairs of trousers?” is “in case the metal owl that lives in his gold bag attacks him”, that’s not funny. There’s unresolved incongruity.

Humour is essentially our brain going, “This isn’t how things usually work, but I’m okay with it!”

12. What does the author say about humor in the first two paragraphs?

A. Its positive role is often underrated. 

B. It mainly serves to entertain and amuse.

C. Its harmful effects shouldn’t be ignored. 

D. It is essential for professional communication.

 

13. Why does the author mention the “hole in one” example in paragraph 4?

A. To prove a theory. 

B. To draw a conclusion.

C. To illustrate a concept. 

D. To make a comparison.

 

14. What does the underlined word “subverted” in paragraph 6 probably mean?

A. Detected. 

B. Overturned. 

C. Established. 

D. Repeated.

 

15. What is the best title for the text?

A. How Jokes Affect Brain Structures 

B. Using Humor to Boost Brain Power

C. Jokes and the Brain’s Reward System  

D. Unlocking Brain Secrets Behind Humor

 

词汇锦囊

 

 

 

 

① regard...as... 把……视为……

② substantial adj. 大量的；重大的

③ trigger vt. 引起；触发

④ consequence n. 结果；后果

 

长难句分析

 

 

 

 

If normality is subverted, it means we don’t know what’s going to happen, which creates cognitive tension. (Para.6)

这是一个主从复合句。If引导______________从句；主句中含有一个由what引导的______________，和一个由which引导的______________，修饰整个主句，关系代词在从句中作______________。

 

 

答案与解析

 

A

 

 

 

 

【语篇解读】

本文是一篇关于旅游的应用文。文章主要介绍了世界各地最佳的蜜月旅行目的地，以及它们各自的特点和吸引人之处。

 

【答案解析】

1. B 细节理解题。根据Bora Bora部分的“You and your partner can relax on the beautiful beaches around the world, go swimming, or simply take a sunbath. If you like exciting adventures, you can also go and see some famous volcanoes.”，可知，这个地方提供了放松和冒险两种体验。故选B项。

 

2. B 推理判断题。根据St. Lucia部分的“Besides that, it is also famous for its beautiful hotels, great shopping opportunities, amazing restaurants and dishes as well as the perfect romantic atmosphere for an unforgettable honeymoon.”和Amalfi Coast部分的“You definitely have to visit the restaurants there!”可知，两者都提到了“restaurants”，故选B项。

 

3. D 推理判断题。根据文章标题“The Most Amazing Honeymoon Destinations Around the World”可知，这篇文章是给度蜜月的人准备的，也就是新婚夫妇，故选D项。

 

【长难句分析答案】

非限制性定语从句；a coastline；主语

 

B

 

 

 

 

【语篇解读】

本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了加拿大81岁女性Josephine Michaluk的献血事迹。她的O+血型在医疗领域非常宝贵，因为这是一种更普遍的匹配血型。她通过献血帮助了无数需要帮助的人，并且鼓励其他人也走出舒适区，参与献血，拯救生命。

 

【答案解析】

4. D 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Michaluk’s kindness all began in 1965 at the age of 22 when she attended a blood donation event with her sister. Since then, she has been devoted to donating blood for as long as her body allows her to.”以及“Thus far, she has reached a total of 209 blood donations and she will continue.”可知，Michaluk自1965年22岁时开始献血，并一直持续献血，到目前为止，她已经捐了209次血，而且只要身体条件允许，她将继续献血。由此可知，如果身体健康，她将继续献血。故选D。

 

5. C 词义猜测题。根据画线词前面的内容“Her O+ blood type is highly desired in medical settings, as it is a more universal match than any other positive blood types. The Red Cross Donation states that O+ makes up 38% of the population in the United States.”以及画线词后面的内容“...the supply of blood that can be life-saving.”可知，Michaluk的O+型血型在医疗领域非常受欢迎，因为这种血型比其他阳性血型更普遍，所以她的献血行为对于血液供应的积极影响，即她的献血行为有助于加强或增强能够挽救生命的血液供应。故推断画线词与C选项“Strengthen (增强)”为同义词。故选C。

 

6. D 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Even after donating a pint of blood, Michaluk mentions that she feels refreshed.”可知，此处提及Michaluk献血后感到精神焕发，这可能是为了展示献血对个人健康的积极影响，并激励其他人也参与献血。故选D。

 

7. A 推理判断题。通读全文，文章讲述了加拿大81岁女性Josephine Michaluk的献血事迹。自1965年22岁时开始献血以来，她一直持续献血，至今已经累计献血209次，成为世界上献血次数最多的女性。她的O+血型在医疗领域非常宝贵，因为这是一种更普遍的匹配血型。米查卢克通过献血帮助了无数需要帮助的人，并且鼓励其他人也走出舒适区，参与献血，拯救生命，由此作者认为她是一个慷慨的人。A选项“Generous (慷慨的)”符合题意。故选A。

 

【长难句分析答案】

定语从句；the age of 22；时间状语

 

C

 

 

 

 

【语篇解读】

本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“旁观者效应”及其原因，最后作者指出面对紧急情况时，应该跟随自己的直觉去提供帮助。

 

【答案解析】

8. C 推理判断题。根据第一段中“This has been termed the ‘bystander effect’—a well-known psychological phenomenon where individuals are less likely to offer help to someone when other people are present.”可知，作者举Kitty Genovese的例子是为了引出文章的主题——旁观者效应。故选C。

 

9. D 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Research from the British Heart Foundation has suggested that a third of people would not give first aid if they saw someone collapse on the street, with some even admitting they wouldn’t call an ambulance.”可知，在紧急情况下，许多人不会冲上前提供帮助，故选D。

 

10. D 主旨大意题。根据第三段内容，尤其是“There are various factors contributing to this effect”以及“It is also partly down to ‘pluralistic ignorance’”可知，本段主要解释人们不提供帮助的原因，故选D。

 

11. A 主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合最后一段中“Ignore everyone else and go with your gut—If you’d run for help, do it.”可知，本文主要介绍了“旁观者效应”及其原因，最后指出面对紧急情况，人们应该跟随自己的直觉去提供帮助，A项“不要成为一个旁观者”为最佳标题，故选A。

 

【长难句分析答案】

宾语从句；宾语；宾语从句；saw or heard

 

D

 

 

 

 

【语篇解读】

本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们在听到笑话，并理解其中的幽默感时，大脑的工作机制。

 

【答案解析】

12. A 细节理解题。根据第一段“Jokes and humor are often thought of as unimportant.”和第二段“However, regarding humour as insignificant is a mistake.”可知，幽默给人们带来的积极作用和影响经常被低估。故选A。

 

13. C 推理判断题。根据第四段“Verbal puns, the most familiar type of joke, involve words that convey two meanings at once. For example, ‘Why did the golfer wear two pairs of trousers? In case he got a hole in one.’ Here ‘hole in one’ has two possible interpretations. Their simplicity and familiarity mean most people recognise the humour in puns. So, the brain’s humour processes are still engaged.”可知，此处在对pun(双关语)进一步的举例解释说明。故选C。

 

14. B 词句猜测题。根据第五段“But, in the real world, many things don’t match our expectations. It seems our brains have evolved a system to recognise when this happens.”以及画线词后“it means we don’t know what’s going to happen, which creates cognitive (认知) tension”可知，此处normality is subverted指的是正常的符合人们预期的表达被颠覆或者推翻会造成大脑的紧张感。故划线词意思是“推翻”。故选B。

 

15. D 主旨大意题。根据第二段“However, regarding humour as insignificant is a mistake. Humour, jokes and laughter, have a vital role to play in human behaviour and interaction. They are a powerful part of social bonding and are genuinely beneficial for health via their stress-relieving properties.”可知，本文旨在介绍人们在听到幽默或者笑话时，大脑是如何进行信息加工和处理，以便于人们能够领悟有幽默感的。D选项“解开幽默背后的大脑秘密”最符合文章标题。故选D。

 

【长难句分析答案】

条件状语；宾语从句；非限制性定语从句；主语