高考英语语法精讲与精练 |动词时态与语态

日期：2022-02-17 10:16 点击：

动词时态与语态精讲与精练

 

一、动词时态与语态讲前练：用所给单词的适当形式或用适当的单词（1个）填空

I [1]_______ (have) dinner at a restaurant when Tony Steele came in. Tony [2]______ (work) in a lawyer's office years ago, but he [3]________ (work) at a bank now. He [4]______ (get) a good salary, but he always [5]_______ (borrow) money from his friends and never [6]______ (pay) it back. Tony [7]_____ (see) me and [8]_______ (sit) at the same table. He [9]___ never [10]__________ (borrow) money from me. While he [11]___________ (eat), I asked him to lend me twenty pounds. To my surprise, he [12]_____ (give) me the money immediately. 'I have never borrowed any money from you,' Tony said, 'so now you can pay for my dinner!'

讲前练小结：1）有关时态的试题要重点关注时间状语、上下文体现的时间关系和句型中的时态问题，2）牢记不规则动词的变化。

Keys:1. was having  2. worked 3. is working 4.gets 5. borrows 6. pays  7. saw 8.. sat

9. has 10. borrowed 11. was eating 12. gave

 

二、动词时态与语态考点精讲：

动词时态与语态考点1、主要的时态的形式及含义

 

 

考点对练1:用所给动词的适当形式填空

1.【2021·浙江高考卷】It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, 36（prove）irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.

Key:has proved/has proven   句意：它不像乔治华盛顿在波托马克河畔的种植园那样给人留下深刻印象，但林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的家，自从向公众开放以来，就被证明对游客来说是不可抗拒的。分析句子成分可知，设空处作谓语动词，Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield Illinois作主语；结合句意及设空处后的时间状语从句since it opened to the public可知，此处指过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响，符合现在完成时概念，故设空处用现在完成时；现在完成时结构是has/have +过去分词；主语Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield Illinois是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has，提示词prove 的过去分词形式是proved或proven。故填 has proved/ has proven。

2.【2017·江苏卷改编】27. He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he __________（follow）.Key: was being followed

3.【2017·北京卷改编】33. People________ (has)better access to health care than they used to, and they’re living longer as a result. Key:have

4.【2017·北京卷改编】29. In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones ___________________ (not invent)yet. Key：hadn’t been invented

5.【2016·北京改编】23. —Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for?

—The new Star Wars. We _______________ (wait) here for more than two hours.

Key:have been waiting

6.【2016·北京改编】25. I ________(read) half of the English novel, and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend.  Key: have read

7.【2016·北京改编】30. The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts ______________ (reward) with success in the end. Key:will be rewarded

8.【2015·重庆改编】1.  —Is Peter coming?

—No, he_____________ (change) his mind after a phone call at the last minute.  Key: changed

 

动词时态与语态考点2、常考的含时态的句型

1、was /were about to do….when…正要做某事…这时突然…

2、was/were doing….when…. 正在做某事…这时突然…

3、had done….when….. 刚做完某事…这时突然…

4、was/were on the point of doing ….when…. 正要做某事…这时突然…..

5、had hardly done ....when....did= had no sooner done.....than....did...一......就.....

6、It [This] is the first time＋that-结构中，that-从句通常用现在完成时

EG:It is the second time that I have visited Africa.

7、It [This] is the 最高级+名词＋that-结构中，that-从句通常用现在完成时

EG：This is the most delicious food that I have eaten.

8、plan, hope, intend, want, mean等表示计划、准备、安排等的动词，它们的过去完成时态表示未曾实现的过去愿望。I had planned to attend the lecture, but I forgot it.

9、… ago用于一般过去和过去进行时态   见到by用完成时态。by now现在完成时态 by 2005过去完成时态   by 2050将来完成时态  

10、含有时间状语recently，since....., in the past/last two years,never, for two years, three times(twice), so far=up to now=up to the present现在完成(进行)时态。 

 

考点对练2:用所给动词的适当形式填空或填入适当的词（1个）

1.【2020•浙江高考】By about 6000 BC, people　61　(discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise.

Key：had discovered。考查时态。根据By about 6000 BC可知,此处用过去完成时。

2.【2017·天津卷改编】8. I ________（drive）down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.Key: was driving

3.【2016·北京改编】21. Jack ________ （work）in the lab when the power cut occurred.

Key:was working

4. If it _____________(not rain) tomorrow, the students will go to the movies. Key: doesn’t rain

5.John is always ______________(help) others. Key:helping

6.I ____________(learn) 900 English words by the time I was ten.

7.【2015·福建改编】30.—Where is Peter? I can't find him anywhere.

—He went to the library after breakfast and______________(write) his essay there ever since.

Key: has been writing

8.【2014·全国大纲卷改编】32.The reports went missing in 2012 and nobody __________ (see)them since. Key: has seen  

9.. So far this year we _________ (see) a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. (福建) key：have seen

10.Hardly ________ I reached the station when the train started. 

Key: had考查句型hardly......when.....

11.I first __________(read) the fashion magazine two years ago and have subscribed to it since.

Key:read

 

三、考点应考技巧：

1、在语法填空题中，根据句子结构和各种时态的动词形式判断空格处是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，如果是谓语动词则根据时间状语和上下文判断用什么时态，

2、在短文改错题中，主要考查一般现在时态与一般过去时态的误用，现在完成时态与一般过去时态的误用，另外就是主动语态与被动语态的误用。

六、时态语态考点精练

(一)动词时态与语态单句语法填空

1.【(2021·全国甲卷】We 46 (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shakybut did the job.

Key:考查时态。句意：我们从南门的租赁处租了自行车。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词，根据上下文可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填hired。

2.【2018·全国I】While running  regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it _____ (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming. Key: is

3.【2021·新高考Ⅰ卷】You can’t help wondering how hard it 61 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.

Key：考查一般过去时。句意：你不禁会想，对当时的人们来说，把这些石头都安置好有多难。分析句子可知，“how hard it   61  (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place”作wonder的宾语，it是从句的形式主语，不定式为真正主语，谓语动词用单数形式，根据then可知安置台阶的石头为陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填was。

4.【2018·全国II】Since 2011,the country ______（grow）more corn than rice. Key:has grown

5.【2021·浙江高考卷】When the house was built, it was muchsmaller than it is today. Mary's niece wrote, "The little home ___40___（paint）white. It was sweet and fresh.

Key:was painted 考查被动语态。句意：这个小房子被漆成了白色。分析句子结构可知，设空处作谓语动词，The little home作主语。结合句意及常识可知，房子是“被漆”的，主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；根据上文的was built可知，此处为一般过去时态；一般过去时的被动语态结构是was/were+过去分词；主语The little home是单数第三人称，所以要用was，提示词paint的过去分词形式是painted。故填was painted。

6.【2020·全国Ⅰ卷】The unmanned Change-4 probe (探测器) — the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess — 　61　 (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.

Key：touched考查时态。根据句子结构,“the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess”部分是对探月器名称的解释,可以看作是插入成分。故可判断出空格处是谓语动词。再根据句中的时间状语last week可知此处用一般过去时。touched down 降落,着陆。

7.【2020•全国III卷】The artist was sure he would　63　 (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed.

Key：be chosen。考查语态。根据文章意思,此处应该是被动语态,而且前面有情态动词would其后应用动词原形,填be chosen。

8.【2020•全国III卷】When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and 　66　 (point) down the river.

Key:pointed。考查复合句。and连接两个谓语动词,空格处的动词形式应和前文中的smiled一致,填pointed。

9.【2018·全国II】The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government ______ (start) a soil-testing program that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. Key:started

10.【2019·全国卷Ⅰ】In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 　65　 (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements,leading to abelief that populations are increasing.

Key：have reported。考查时态。根据句中时间状语In recent years可知,应用现在完成时。

11.【2018·全国III】When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find them alive. True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal _______(mean)me no real harm.Key:meant 【true to忠于，信守，按照】

12.【2018·浙江】I still remember visiting a friend who’d lived here for five years and I ______(shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.Key: was shocked

13.【2017·全国I】When fat and salt(remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. Key:are removed

14.【2017·全国I】Fast food (be) full of fat and salt; by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.key: is

15. 【2017·全国II】Steam engines _________(use) to pull the carriages and it must have beenfairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. Key:were used

16.【2017·全国II】Later, engineers _______(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known as the tube. Key:managed

17.【2017·全国III】Sarah__________ (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel earning a million dollars in the new year. Her father Peter 44,wants her to give up school to model fulltime. key: was told/has been told.

18.【2017·全国III】Sarah says, "My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school  ________ (come) first. I don't want to get too absorbed in modeling." Key:comes

19.【2016·全国I】So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I__________（allow）to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. Key: was allowed

20.【2016·全国II】Leaving the less important things until tomorrow _______ (be) often acceptable.Key: is

21.【2016·全国II】 It could be anything, gardening, cooking, music, sports—but whatever it is, _______ (make )sure it's a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.Key:make

22.【2016·全国III】Truly elegant chopsticks might (make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters.Key: be made

23.【2016·全国III】Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and ________ (be) too violent for use at the table.Key: were

 

(二)动词时态与语态单句语法改错

1.【2021年全国甲卷】Their answers also show that they dislike talking to others. They kept very much to themselves. In my opinion, when in trouble, we should seek help from those we trust mostly.

Key:考查动词的时态。前后的句子都是一般现在时，此处没有明显的过去的时间状语，故此处应该是一般现在时。故把 kept 改为keep。

2.【2021年全国乙卷】 In my opinion, students can benefit a lot from doing some housework. Firstly, doing housework was helpful for us to be a responsible person. Also, it gives our parents more time to do what they like.

Key:考查动词时态。根据firstly和also可知，上下句是不同获益方面的列举。同时，根据已知谓语动词gives判断，doing housework的谓语动词应该用一般现在时。故把was改为is。

3.【2020·全国卷II】Actually, I start to learn kung fu when I was seven years old。

Key:考查时态。句意：事实上，我七岁时就开始学功夫了。分析句子，此处动词start讲述的是7岁的时候，动词应该用过去时。故将start改为started。

4.【2020·全国卷III】 For example, every morning, my dad has to have a bowl of egg soup while I had to eat an apple.

Key:考查时态。根据时间状语every morning，可知这里表示经常或反复发生的事情，用一般现在时，主语为I，谓语动词要用原形。所以had改成have。

5.【2019·全国卷II】One was that I was amaed at the fact that a sick person could feel much better after seeing a doctor. And the other is that I wanted to help people in need.

Key:考查一般过去时。本篇文章使用的全是一般过去时，且与最后一句并列的“one was that…”用的也是一般过去时，所以最后一句话时态应为一般过去时。讲述当时做决定时的原因。故将is改为was。

6.【2018•卷Ⅰ】During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there.  Key: find→found

7.【2018•卷Ⅱ】I didn't realize how right my parents are until I entered high school.     

Key:are→were

8.【2018•卷Ⅲ】It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just begin.

Key:begin→begun

9.【2018•北京改编】A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who had trapped in the mountains for two days.     Key:had后加been  

10.【2018•天津改编】 My washing machine is repaired this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.     Key:repaired前加being

11.【2018•江苏改编】 I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan had been carrying out in the past two years.       Key:carrying→carried

12.【2018•北京改编】—Hi, I'm Peter. Are you new here? I haven't seen you around?

—Hello, Peter. I'm Bob. I just have started on Monday.   Key:去掉have 

13..【2018•北京改编】China's high-speed railways grown from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.            Key:在grown前加have

14.【2018•北京】Susan had quit her well-paid job and is working as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.          Key:is→was

15.【2018•江苏】Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other, for we have developed more convenient electronic communication tools by then.   Key:we后加have

16.My sister saw a lovely cup when we are shopping the other day.Key: are→were

17.We have sometimes accidents on this line, but no accidents have been occurred since last year.Key:划掉been

18.It was the first time that he left his homeland. Key: he后加had

19.After we seated at the table, she suddenly felt a pain in her stomach. Key: seated前加were

20.In the past three years, the doctor saved many people’s lives. Key:saved前加has

21. Our physics teacher said light traveled faster than sound.Key:traveled→travels

22.When she came, you were on your way to get the key you have left in the office.

key:.have→had

23.Hardly had the doctor gone to bed when there is a knock on the door.Key:is→was

24.When I was in high school,I was weighed 70kg. Key: 划掉was

 

(三)动词时态与语态篇填空训练(以动词时态为主)

It was getting dark when I [1]_______(get) home. It was cold and I [2]_______________(wear) a coat. I walked up to the door and put my hand into my pocket [3]________(take) out my key but I couldn’t find it. I suddenly remembered that I [4]_________(leave) it on my desk in the office. It really didn’t make any difference. I knew my wife was at home and the children must  [5] __________come) back from school by now, so I knocked at the door. There was no answer, so I knocked again. I [6]____________(continue) knocking at the door for some time. I was getting angry. Then I remembered something the office boy [7]___________(tell) me at noon. He said that my wife [8] ________ (phone) saying that she [9]_____________(go) shopping in the afternoon with the children.

There was only one thing for me to do: I had to climb in [10]_________ a window.

Keys: 1.got 2, was wearing 3.to take  4.had left  5.have come

6.continued 7.had told 8.had phoned 9.would go  10.through