高考英语语法精讲与精练 |主谓一致

日期：2022-02-16 10:00 点击：

主谓一致精讲与精练

 

一、主谓一致讲前练：用所给单词的适当形式或用适当的单词（1个）填空

 Our school library ,along with many other buildings,[1]___________(be)very different from other schools’.

     There [2]________ (be) two computer rooms, three art rooms, a meeting room and a reading room in the library building. The number of the books [3] ________ (be)large, and It is said that all the books cost our school 200, 000 dollars. Maybe 200, 000 dollars [4]________ (be)large to every student. The number of the students who [5] ________ (have)a thirst for knowledge is increasing day by day.

Nowadays, our library has been developed into a multifunctional building. There are 50 computers in it. Many a student [6]________ (like)to surf the Internet at weekends here, and now you can see that my classmates, Mike and John [7]________ (play)computer games there. When you turn to another room, you will find that a professor and writer [8] ________ (deliver)a speech. Each boy and each girl [9]__________(focus)on his interesting speech. Every time there is a wonderful speech, the audience always [10]__________(cheer) up. You are entering our art exhibition. A teacher with his students [11]________(be) in the room. On the wall [12]__________(be)100 pictures, which attract many students. An expert and teacher is explaining something important to us.

Keys: 1is  2.are  3.is  4.is  5.have  6.likes  7.are playing 

8.is delivering   9.is focusing   10.cheer  11.is  12.are

 

二、主谓一致考点精讲：

主谓一致考点1、就近原则

1、当两个主语由either....or, neither....nor, not only....but also ,whether....or，or连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语保持一致,即就近一致。

EG1：Not only the teacher but also the students are our friends.

EG2: Either you or he is to do it.

2、there be 句型中be 动词的单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and  连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致，即就近一致。

EG3: There is a desk and two chairs in the room.

EG4: There are two chairs and a deskin the room.

 

主谓一致考点2、承前原则

主语后面跟有with, together with, along with, except, but, besides,in addition to, like, as well as, no less than(和…一样), rather than（而不是）, including, instead of等引起的短语， 谓语动词要跟这些介词（短语）前的主语保持一致。

EG5:The teacher, as well as his students, was invited to the ceremony.

EG6:Tom including his parents has gone to Africa.

→Tom’sparents including him have gone to Africa.

 

主谓一致考点3、其它主谓一致常考考点

1、--ing,to do 和从句作主语，谓语动词用单数。

EG7：Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience.

EG8: To meet you is really a nice experience.

EG9: When the meeting will begin hasn’t been decided yet.

EG10:What is important to him are the experiences of his life.

解析：what(所....的东西/话/事)引导的主语从句作主语时，要根据句意和上下文判断它表达的是单数概念还是复数概念。表单数概念用单数动词，表复数概念用复数动词。

EG11: What he said was not right.  【what从句表示“他所说的”是个抽象概念，故用单数动词】

EG12: What I need are some good reference books. 【what从句表示“我所需要的东西（一些好书）”是个具体的复数概念，故用复数动词】

 

2.由分数、百分数以及类似于a number of, a lot of/lots of, plenty of,a great deal of…的数量词修饰的名词作主语，谓语单复数由被修饰的名词决定。

EG: A lot of books are needed.

EG: A great deal of water is needed.

注意：quantity以及表示“种类、组、群”的词（如：group，class，type，pair）修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要由这些限定词的单复数形式决定。

EG: A large quantity of books is needed.

EG: Large quantities of water are needed.

EG: A group of people is waiting for you.

 

3.many a/an+n(许多)，more than one(不止一个)做主语，其谓语动词要用单数形式。

EG13: Many a student is not interested in English at all.

EG14: More than one book is needed.

 

4.在定语从句里，关系代词that, who, which 等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。

EG15: Those who want to go please write their names on the blackboard.

EG16: He is one of the students who like sports.    【此句定语从句的先行词是the students】

EG17: He is the (only) one of the students who likes sports.

【此句定语从句的先行词是the (only) one】

 

5.在强调句型中如强调的是主语，谓语应与被强调部分一致。

EG18: It is my parents who are teachers.

EG19: It is I who am a teacher.

EG20: It is Jack who is a teacher.

 

6.（1）a number of +复数名词主语，谓语用复数

（2）the number of +复数名词的数就得依number 而定（用单数）。

EG21:A number of students have gone to the farm to help the farmer pick apples.

EG22: The number of pages in this book is three hundred.

 

7.由集体名词government, family, class, enemy, army, group, committee, majority等作主语时，若指整体意义，则用单数谓语；若指个体意义，则用复数谓语。

EG: Our class has won the first place in the football match. 【强调我们班赢得比赛，而参加篮球赛的可能只有几个人】

EG: My family are watching TV at home. 【强调我的一家人在看电视】

 

8.“定冠词the+形容词或分词”作主语，表某“一类人”时，谓语动词用复数。

EG23：The elderly are taken good care of there.

“the+形容词”作主语，表示“一类物”时，谓语动词用单数。

EG24: The beautiful is not always the useful.

EG25: The unknown is always something to be feared.

 

9.四则运算以及表示时间、距离、价值、长度、度量衡等的数量词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。

EG26:1,000 million dollars is too much for us.

 

10.No/Each/Every+名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。

EG:27 Every boys and every girls was invited.

 

五、考点应考技巧：

1、抓住句子的真正的主语是什么，

2、常与时态语态同时考查，在考虑主谓一致的同时，要考虑时态语态

3、必须背清楚每一种主谓一致的情况。

 

六、主谓一致考点精练

（一）单句语法填空

1.【2020·全国Ⅰ卷】Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it 　67　 (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon is constructed.”

Key: means 考查时态和主谓一致。根据句子结构可知,此空处是谓语动词。本句引用了Carle Pieters的话,结合句意可知空格处要用一般现在时。主语为it,谓语动词用第三人称单数。

2.【2020·全国II卷】This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers 62.　　　　 (carry) special significance.

Key:carries 考查主谓一致和时态。此处why引导表语从句,表语从句中主语是decorating with plants, fruits and flowers,填空处作谓语。因为文章介绍的是中国现在仍然流行的一些习俗,所以用一般现在时。单个动词的-ing形式作主语,谓语用单数形式,所以填carries。

3.【2020·新高考Ⅰ卷】The parts of a museum open to the public 　40　(call)galleries or rooms.

Key:are called 考查主谓一致和被动语态。结合句意“博物馆对外开放的部分被称为展览馆或陈列室”和下文的时态可知主语the parts（复数）和谓语动词call之间为被动语态,故用一般现在时的被动语态。

4.【2020·新高考Ⅰ卷】Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection 　41　(be)on display.

Key:is 考查主谓一致。句子主语中心词为a small part,结合上下文的时态可知用一般现在时的单数形式。

5.【2020·浙江高考】And, as more children were born, more food 　59　(need).

Key:was needed考查时态语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语从句as more children were born可知此处用一般过去时,主语more food（不可数名词、单数）和need之间是被动关系,所以用一般过去时的被动语态。

6.【2019·全国卷Ⅰ】.Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations,three are declining,six 　70　 (be) stable,one is increasing,and nine lack enough data. 

Key:考查主谓一致。主语为six,表示六个子群,结合前一句 three are declining 可知应用一般现在时,故填are。

7、(2018•全国卷I)While running regularly can make you live forever, the review says it _______ (be)more effective at lengthening life ________walking ,cycling or swimming.

Key: is/than

8、 （2018•全国卷II）Since 2011,the country________（grow）more corn than rice. Key:has grown

9、（2017全国卷I）Fast food (be) full of fat and salt.  Key:is

10、（2017全国卷III）Sarah __________  (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel earning a million dollars in the new year. Her father Peter ,44,wants her to give up school to model full time key:was told

11、（2016全国卷II)Leaving the less important things until tomorrow ______ (be) often acceptable. Key:is

12、（2016全国卷III）Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and ___________ (be) too violent for use at the table.  Key:were

13、(2015全国I)Yangshuo ________(be) really beautiful. Key:is

14、（2015全国卷II）This cycle _______ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消) for the outside temperatures.Key:goes

15、（2014全国卷I）In 1969,the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River Cleveland, Ohio. It _____（be）unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. Key:was

16、(2014辽宁卷)Be patient! Tai Chi  (call) “shadow boxing” in English. Key:is called

17．One­third of the country ________ (be) covered with trees and the majority of the citizens are black people.Key: is

18．(2013·福建卷改编)The famous musician, as well as his students, ________ (be) invited to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo. Key:was

19．(2014·湖南卷改编)All we need ________ (be) a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.Key:is

20．(2017·安徽安庆望江检测改编)Kathie is reading the note which ________ (be) left in the drawer the other day.Key:was

21．(2017·北京重点中学联考改编)Neither I nor Amy ________ (be) to attend the business conference if we are busy.Key: is

22．(2017·湖南十三校联考改编)Our school along with many other brother middle schools ________ (be) to take another joint test next month. Key:is

23．Today a new form of communication“WeChat”，which ________(own) a Chinese name Weixin, is becoming the most influential text and voicing tool all over the world.Key:owns

24．(2017·湖南怀化一模改编)More than one doctor________ (be) involved in the rescue that took place after the earthquake. Key:was

25．With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ________ (be) being washed away each year.Key:are

26．(2017·江苏建陵中学质检改编)No one in the department but Tom and I ________ (know) that the director is going to resign. Key：knows

27．(2017·湖南师大附中月考改编)Professor James will give us a lecture on Western culture, and he as well as his assistants ________ (be) to arrive by air.Key:is

28．(2015·湖南卷改编)It is important to remember that success is a sum of small efforts made each day and often ________ (take) years to achieve.Key:takes

 

（二）单句语法改错

1.【2021年全国甲卷】One of the questions are: Who will you go in times of trouble?

Key:考查主谓一致。主语为one of the questions，表示问题中的一个，是单数意义，谓语动词应为单数，故are改为is。

2.【2020·全国卷III】 My dad don’t like the soup and I don’t enjoy apples.

Key:考查主谓一致。句意：我爸爸不喜欢汤，我也不喜欢苹果。表示经常或反复发生的事情，用一般现在时。主语my dad是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，所以don’t改成doesn’t。

3.【2018•卷III】I remembered that my father once said, "The classroom is a place for learning and that include leaning from textbooks, and mistake as well."

key: include--includes/ mistake--mistakes

4.【2014辽宁】The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all 

night with the baby. Key:have--has

5.【2014四川】Today, I am going to talk with what you should do when a fire alarm go 

off. key:with--about / go--goes

6.【2014全国大纲卷】The understanding between two friends mean both of them have similar ideas and trusting each other. Key:mean--means / trusting--trust

7.【2014新课标卷II】My dream school look like a big garden. Key:look--looks

8.Bill was standing at the side of the car, talking to two men who was helping him to repair it. key:was--were

9.Playing football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit.   key:give--gives

10.Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library. ）key:is--are

11.But then there is always more mysteries to look into. ）is--are

12.But not all information are good to society. key:are--is

13.So then, a concert cost so much. I may just listen to music. key:cost--costs

14.If I listen to my own records，there are no need to spend money. key:are--is

15.…you will probably want to join the Stamp Collectors‘ Club which exist to add more stamps to your collection. key:exist--exists

16.One evening she told me that something happened when their parents was out.Key:was--were

17.【2013·浙江卷】Good night and remember, you, dear diary，is my only souvenir from my past life and my only friend.key:is--are

18.【2014·陕西卷】Suddenly the arrows was flying down at us from the sky—they looked like rain！Key:was--were

19.I'm very glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to learn Chinese well. Here are my advice.key: are--is

20.【2017·皖南八校联考】I'd like to share a quote with you, which go like this：“Time is said to be money, but it is more—it is life.” key:go--goes

21.I have a habit of taking a coffee，which make me feel energetic when I have to stay up late.Key:make--makes

22.【2015·四川卷】Hello, boys and girls! Today, I am going to talk about what you should do when a fire alarm go off.Key:go--goes

23.【2016·南阳期中考试】However, there has been many changes in my hometown until now.Key:has--have

24.Fortunately, thanks to my timely assistance, the injured man were helped out of danger.Key:were--was

25.Because large quantities of water has been polluted, the lake smells terrible.Key:has-have

 

（三）主谓一致语篇填空训练

1

I have two sons. Tom and Mike. Both[1]________(be) fond of playing football, but neither Tom nor Mike [2]_________(care) for swimming because they are afraid of water.

Recently, Tom as well as his friends[3]________(set) up a club of their own,where many a student[4]________(play) chess after school. The number of the students going there [5]________ (increase) day by day and a large number of students [6]________(be) keen on playing games there. A poet and writer[7]__________(be) to deliver a lecture next Sunday. Quantities of money [8]________(collect) for the victims in the storm at present.Not only Tom but also Mike[9]______ (play) an important role in the activity. Each boy and each girl belonging to the club [10]________ (be) in favor of this activity.

Keys:1.are 2.cares 3.has set 4.plays 5.is increasing 6.are 7.is  8.are being collected 9.plays 10.is

 

2

The final-term examinations are coming and each boy and each girl [1]___________  (look) forward to the coming holiday. However, John as well as the other children who [2]______ (have) no parents [3]________ (take) good care of in the centre at present. They have no relatives. As we all know, every student all wants to spend the holidays by [4]_______ (travel) to the famous [5]__________ (place) of interest. When and where to go for the holiday [6]_________ (not decide) yet.But John and his friends would like to go to California, [7]______one-third of the state [8] ______ (be) covered with trees and the majority of the citizens [9]_______ (be) black people. On thinking of it, John and his friends feel very happy and they all try their best [10] _________ (prepare) for the coming exam.

 

Keys:1.is looking 2.have 3.is taken 4.travelling 5.places

6.hasn’t been decided 7.where 8.is 9.are 10.to prepare