高考英语语法精讲与精练 | 情态动词与虚拟语气

日期：2022-02-16 09:57 点击：

情态动词与虚拟语气精讲与精练

 

一、情态动词与虚拟语气讲前练：用所给单词的适当形式填空

Tom: Hi,Mr.Smith.[1]   　you give me a hand?

Mr.Smith: Of course. You [2]　    　hesitate to ask me for help. What’s the matter with you?

Tom: My mum is always complaining about my going back home late after school.

Mr.Smith: What do you usually do after school?

Tom: I usually go to the playground to play basketball. But I know that I [3]　     　go home first.

Mr.Smith: Why don’t you go home directly?

Tom: My mother usually says,“Every student [4]　      　do their homework first after school, and that is a rule for all of you students.”You see, if I [5]　     　(do)my homework first now, I couldn’t have a rest and relax. I am so tired.

Mr.Smith:Both you and your mum are reasonable. As a mother, she believes that you [6]　     　never work too hard, while you think you need some time to have a rest. Does your mother know what you think?

Tom: No. Even if I [7]　      　(tell)her before, she wouldn’t have understood it.

Mr.Smith: I don’t think you are right. I think you should tell your mother what you think and she would understand you. Besides, you had better not hide your feelings from your mother and you [8]　     　as well learn to communicate with her.

Tom: Thank you for your advice. It is high time I [9]　     　(talk)with her.

Mr.Smith: I [10]　      　agree more.

1、Can  2、needn’t  3、should  4、shall  5、did   6、can 7、had told   8、might  9、talked  10、can’t

 

二、情态动词考点精讲：

情态动词考点1、常考的情态动词

类	情态动词	含义	用法	例句
推 测	must	一定、肯定	只用于肯定句	You’re Tom’s good friend, so you must know what he likes best.
	can/could	可能、也许	用于否定句和问句，can’t/couldn’t表“不可能”	It can’t be Mr Li, for he has gone to America.
	may/might	可能、也许	用于肯定句和否定句，may not/might not表“可能不”	Your mother may /might not know the truth.
能力	can/could	能够	can只有现在和过去时	Mary can speak three languages.
	be able to	能够	be able to有更多的形式(如：will be able to, have been ble to )。当成功地完成某一具体动作时，不用could而用was/were able to。这时was/were able to 相当于managed to，表示经过一番努力，终于能够完成某事。	He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain
许可	can/could	可以	①问句中用could/might更显客气和委婉。②肯定回答一般用can,显得语气肯定干脆。	--Could I come to see you tomorrow? -- Yes, you can. (No, I’m afraid not. )
	may/might	可以		May I come in?
必 要	must	必须	表主观要求，注意must提起的一般疑问句的肯定回答和否定回答的不同，见例句。	--Must we hand in our exercise books today? -- Yes, you must./ No, you don’t have to / you needn’t.
	have to	不得不	表客观需求	It is raining heavily,so we have to stay at home.
	ought to	应该	与should用法同	Yong people should show respect for the old.
	should	应该	shouldn’t/oughtn’t to不应该	You are his father and ought to take care of him.
其他	need	需要	1）用作实义动词后接to do 2）用作情态动词后接  do，只用于否定句和问句	You don’t need to do it yourself.
	dare	敢		She dare not go out alone at night.
情态动词+完成时态	情态动词		含义	例句
	must have done		肯定做过/发生过	It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet.
	can’t/couldn’t have done		不可能做过某事	Mr. Smith can't have gone to Beijing,for I  saw him in the library just now.
	may/might have done		可能已经.....	You might have read about it in the papers
	could have done		本来可以.....，本来能够	I could have arrived on time,but I was held up by the traffic jam.
	Should have done		本应该做.....	You should have finished the task yesterday.
	ought to have done		本应该做.....
	needn’t have done		本没有必要做某事但又做了	I needn't have bought so much wine—only five people came.
句型	can not/never.....too		无论怎么.....也不过分越.....越好	While crossing the street, you can never be too careful.
	Can not.....enough

 

情态动词考点2、情态动词后必须接动词原形，在语法填空中，如果空格在主语和动词原形之间，那么可能要填情态动词。（也可能填do和will,shall的适当形式）例如：

1.What is acceptable in one country [1]be considered extremely rude in another. Key:may

2.He had no time or energy to play with his children or talk with his wife, but he [2]______ bring home a regular salary.   Key:did

 

考点对练1 单项填空【虽然许多地区不考此题型，但依旧是掌握知识的很好的训练方式】

1．【2020·天津卷单项填空】Jim says we ______ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy .

A．must       B．can       C．need       D．should

Key: B【解析】考查情态动词。句意：吉姆说我们可以住在他的房子里，只要我们保持它干净整洁。A. must必须；B. can能，可以；C. need需要；D. should应该。根据后面的“as long as we leave it clean and tidy”可知，Jim许可我们待在他的房子里，即:我们”能，可以”待在他的房子里。故选B。

2．【2020·天津卷单项填空】You ____________ have scolded him for his poor performance. After all, he had done his best.

A．must       B．should       C．mustn’t       D．shouldn't

Key: D【解析】考查情态动词+ have done。句意：你本不应该因为他表现不好而责骂他。毕竟，他已经尽力了。根据前后句关系可知此处表示“本不该”是 shouldn't have done指做了本不该做的事，must have done表示对过去发生的事情的肯定性推测；should have done表示应当做某事而实际上未做；mustn’t不和have done连用。故选D。

知识拓展：

1）must have done表示对过去事情的肯定推测，指“一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句：

EG1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的。

EG2. You must have been mad to speak to the servant.你和仆人说话，一定是发疯了。

2）should have done意思是“本来应该做某事，而实际没做。”

3）shouldn't have done表示本来不应该做某事,而实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含意.

EG3.Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday.汤姆,你太懒惰了,这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。

EG4.Look, Tom is crying. I shouldn't  have been so harsh on him.看，汤姆哭了，我本来不应该对他如此严厉。

3.【2018·北京】In today’s information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems for a company.

A. need                         B. should                                C. can                                D. must

Key:C【解析】考查情态动词。句意：在今天的信息时代，数据的丢失有时会对一个公司造成严重的问题。数据丢失造成严重问题是客观上会发生的情况，即“客观可能性”，故该空应用情态动词can。C选项正确。其余情态动词均没有该用法。need需要；should应该，竟然；must必须，肯定。

知识拓展：can的基本用法：1）(表示能力、功能)能，会；2）(表示推测)可能，可能会；3）（表示允许，请求）可以；4）（表示客观可能性）有时会。

4.【2017·北京卷】Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ______ easily reach the books on the top shelf.

A. must                               B. should                               C. can                               D. need

Key: C【解析】：考查情态动词A. must 必须；B. should应该；C. can能；D. need需要。句意：Samuel，我们班最高的男生，能很轻松地够着书架顶上的书。此处需要一个表示能力的词，故用can，答案为C。

 

三、虚拟语气考点精讲：

虚拟语气考点1、非真实条件句中的虚拟语气

类别	用法		例句
If引导的条件从句	与现在事实相反	从句动词：过去式（be用were） 主句动词：should/would/could/might+do	If he were here, he would help us.
	与过去事实相反	从句动词：had+done 主句动词：should/would/could/might+have+done	If I had been free,I would have visited you.
	与将来事实相反	从句动词： 过去式/should+do/wereto +do 主句动词： should/would/could/might+do	If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping.
省略if的虚拟条件句	将虚拟条件从句中的were，had, should放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装		①Should he come ,tell him to ring me up. ②Were I you,I would not do it. ③Had I been free,I would have visited you.
错综虚拟语气	条件从句与主句表达的时间不一致		If I had followed your advice, I would be in college now.

 

虚拟语气考点2、表命令、要求、建议的词后的宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句的虚拟语气。动词insist, order, command, advise, suggest,propose,recommend, desire, demand, require, request, urge后接的宾语从句以及他们相应的名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中动词为should+do。（should可以省略）（记忆口诀：一个坚持，两个命令，四个建议，五个要求）

EG1：He suggested that we （should）not change our mind.

 

虚拟语气考点3、其他从句中的虚拟语气

1、wish后的从句中分别用过去式，过去完成式和would/could/might+do表示与现在，过去和将来情况相反      

EG1: I wish I had gone to Shanghai last month.

2、句型It is time that…句型中动词用过去式或should+do      

EG2: It’s high time that we left/should leave.

3、would rather（宁愿）所接的从句中动词用过去式或者过去完成式      

EG3: I would rather you stayed at home now.

4、If only（要是....该多好）句型中动词常用过去式或者过去完成式，表示强烈的愿望      

EG4: If only our dream had come true! （与条件句中的虚拟语气用法一样）

 

考点对练2：

1. 【2020·江苏卷单项填空】If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers, I _____where I am.

A. won’t beB. wouldn’t have been       C. wouldn’t be       D. shouldn’t have been

Key: C【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我没有面对那么多的障碍，我现在就不会在这里。分析句子成分可知，此处是错综时间虚拟语气，根据空后where I am可知，此处是与现在事实相反的假设，主句谓语动词应使用would/could/might/should+do。故选C。

2.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________ the task in half the time.

A. accomplished       B. had accomplished

C. would accomplish       D. would have accomplished

Key: D【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。根据上句the workers were not better organized可知，这是对过去事情的虚拟。与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选D。

3.【2018·江苏】It’s strange that he _______have taken the books without the owner’s 

permission.

A. would                         B. shouldC. could                         D. might

Key :B【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真奇怪，他竟然没有主人的允许就拿走了这些书。在句型”It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that...”中，其中由that引导的主语从句通常用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，其中的should可以省略。故选B。

4.【2018·江苏】There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I  _______ a second chance to become more involved.

A. had                                B. will haveC. would have had          D. have had

Key: A【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：在村里有很好的社交生活，并且我希望我再有机会去更多的参与。本题考查wish引导的宾语从句，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，所以从句用一般过去时。故选A。

知识拓展：由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气：

1）用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式（be动词用were）。

2）用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would, could, might+ 动词原形。

3）wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词。

5.【2018·天津】15. If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach

A. had caught                  B. caughtC. have caught                 D. would catch

Key: A【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话，现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。根据时间状语yesterday可知，从句表示与过去事实相反，故用had + v-ed。故选A。

 

四、情态动词与虚拟语气应考技巧：

1、情态动词与虚拟语气在全国卷中不是考查的重点，但偶尔也会考到，如填空题中填情态动词can,should,may等词，考含有虚拟语气的句子中用所给动词的适当形式填空。

2、在语法改错题中，情态动词后接动词原形是考查的重点，含虚拟语气的句子中的动词形式的错误也时有考到。

EG1：(2016·全国Ⅱ，短文改错)We can chose between staying at home and taking a trip.Key:chose-choose

EG2:(2016·全国Ⅱ，短文改错)Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.

Key:can-should或划掉can

3.在听力和阅读中，要注意情态动词尤其是情态动词+have done和虚拟语气对文章理解的影响。

EG3：看下面听力中的对话：

A.Oh, dear. I wish we had taken the lift.

B.If I had known it was so far up, I wouldn’t have suggested walking.

What are the two speakers doing?

A.Walking down a hill.

B.Climbing stairs.

C.Discussing a trip.

解析：解这道题，不仅要听懂，而且要理解好两句虚拟语气的句子。I wish we had taken the lift.

意为“我希望我们乘坐了电梯”，言外之意是我们现在没有坐电梯；第二句虚拟语气“If I had known it was so far up, I wouldn’t have suggested walking.”意为“如果我知道上来有这么远，我就不会建议走路了”，言外之意是现在他们现在在爬楼梯，没有坐电梯。

 

五、情态动词与虚拟语气考点精练

(一)单句语法填空(真题改编)：在空格处填上适当的词或用所给词的适当形式填空。

1.【2021.3 天津卷单选改编】It used to be that you            drive for miles here without seeing another person, but now there are houses and people everywhere.

Key:could【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意：以前你可以开车到这里走好几英里，而看不到别的人，但现在到处都是房子和人。空格前面是主语后面是动词原形所以应该填情态动词，有根据句意本空应填could。

2.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空改编】What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _________（have）a good time together.

 Key :would have had【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否则，我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据上文，可知是对过去事情的虚拟，与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，所以填would have had

3.【2018·天津改编】10. I can't find my purse. I___________（leave）it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.

Key: could have left【解析】考查情态动词表推测和虚拟语气。句意：我不能找到我的钱包了，昨天我有可能把它落到超市了，但我不确定。根据句中时间状语yesterday可知，是对过去事情的推测，故用情态动词+ have done，再根据后句but I’m not sure.可知，此推测为不能肯定的推测，故用情态动词could have left ，表示“可能把它忘记在超市了”。故选D。

4.【2018·北京改编】They might have found a better hotel if they _________（drive）a few more kilometers.

Key:had driven【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他们多开几公里的话，他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。由“they might have found a better hotel”可知，该句是表示对过去的虚拟。if ____ a few more kilometers是条件句部分，表示对过去的虚拟，条件句部分要用过去完成时态，故填had driven

5.【2017·北京卷改编】If the new safety system _______ to use, the accident would never have happened.

Key: had been put  【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果这个新的安全系统被投入使用过的话，这个事故就不会发生了。根据主句确定是对过去情况的虚拟，所以从句谓语用had done形式，此外根据句意可知是被动，用被动语态，故填had been put。

6.【2016·全国Ⅰ，阅读A改编】When Sandra Day O’Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School in 1952, she ________not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.Key:could

7.【2014·湖南，25改编】—I've prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.

—Do you mean we________ (not)bring anything with us? Key:needn’t

8.【2014·北京，27改编】________ I have a word with you? It won't take long. Key: can

9．【2016·北京，31改编】I love the weekend, because I_______get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.Key:needn’t

10．【2016·浙江，17改编】George ________(go) too far .His coffee is still warm.

Key:can’t have gone

11．【2015·北京，29改编】—Can't you stay a little longer?

—It's getting late.I really ________ go now.My daughter is home alone.Key:must

12．【2015·重庆，12改编】You _______ be Carol.You haven't changed a bit after all these years.Key:must

13．【2015·陕西，21改编】You ________feel all the training a waste of time，but I'm a hundred percent sure later you'll be grateful you did it.Key:may

14．【2015·福建，27改编】—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.

—Oh, it's too bad.You ________ have made full preparations. Key:should/ought to

15．【2015·天津，7改编】I ________have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.Key:needn’t

16．【2015·北京，34改编】If I ________(not see)it with my own eyes, I wouldn't have believed it.Key:hadn’t seen

17．【2015·重庆，7改编】Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway ________(write)his famous novel AFarewelltoArms.Key:wouldn't have written

18．【2015·陕西，23改编】Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I ________(dance)as well as her.Key:danced

19.【2015·天津，13改编】I wish I ________(be)at my sister's wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.Key:had been

20.【2015·安徽，32改编】It is lucky we booked a room, or we ________(have)nowhere to stay now.Key:would have

21.【2014·湖南，22改编】If Mr.Dewey________(be) present，he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.Key:had been

22.【2014·陕西，23改编】We would rather our daughter________(stay) at home with us，but it is her choice，and she is not a child any longer.Key:stayed

23.It is high time we _________ (get) down to discuss this plan.Key:got/should get

24.I insisted he ________(go) to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing _________ (be) wrong with him.Key:(should) go/was

25.Her pale face suggested that she ______ (be) ill, and her colleagues suggested that she _______(have) a medical examination. Key: was/(should) have

 

(二)单句语法改错

1.【2018·全国II】As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watch them, my parents would not to let me.Key:划掉to 考查情态动词。would后跟动词原形，故把to删除。

2.【2018·江苏改编】It’s strange that he would have taken the books without the owner’s

permission.  Key:would→should

3.【2018·江苏改编】27. There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I have a second chance to become more involved. key : have→had

4.【2018·天津改编】10. I can't find my purse. I should have left it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure. Key: should→could

5.【2018·北京改编】13. They might have found a better hotel if they have driven a few more kilometers. Key:have→had

 

(二)情态动词与虚拟语气语篇填空训练

I am a middle school student.I have many dreams.If there [1]________(be) not so much homework, I would have more time to do what I like to do.How I wish I [2]________(listen) to my favorite music for an hour a day and [3]________(play) table tennis for an hour in the morning！It's my desire that we [4]________(hold) evening parties or [5]_______(organize) some interesting activities at weekends.I suggest that there [6]________(notbe)so many tests.You can imagine what life [7]_______ (will) be if I [8]_______(realize) my dream.But I must face the exams.Without good marks, I [9]________(will) not enter my ideal university.Anyway, it's high time that I [10]________(encourage) myself and worked hard from now on.

Keys:1.were 2.listened 3.played 4.(should)hold 5.(should)organize 6.(should)be 7.would 　 8.realized/should realize/were to realize 　9.would 　10.encouraged /should encourage