初中英语超强语法笔记 - 名词
日期:2021-10-14 10:14 点击:
分为专有名词和普通名词;普通名词分为可数和不可数名词
2)以 s, sh, ch, x 结尾+es, 例 如:
bus-buses, watch-watches, brush-brushes,
口诀:“不吃死蛇”(不—X,吃—ch, S-死,蛇—sh)
3)辅音字母加 y 结尾,改 y 为 i 加 es,例如:
family-families, city-cities.
4)以 f 或 fe 结尾,去 f 或 fe 加 ves, 例如:
wife-wives,leaf→leaves knife→knives
口诀:半片 树叶 自己 黄,妻子拿刀要杀狼,小偷逃命架后藏。
(half, leaf, self, wife, knife, wolf, thief, life, shelf)
特例:直接加s :giraffe, belief, chief,, proof, cliff, roof
5.以 o 结尾,有生命的加 es;无生命的加 s;
杀手锏:kangaroos, bamboos, zoos, bamboos, photos, kangaroos, pianos, radios
口诀: 黑人爱吃西红柿芒果和土豆(+es)。(Negroes, heroes, tomatoes, mang potatoes)
Negro, hero, volcano, potato, tomato, mango, mosquito, tornado, torpedo
黑人英雄在火山上,用土豆、西红柿和芒果,砸死一只蚊子,此时龙卷风带来一只鱼雷
cattle-cattle; people-people;(集合名词)
*a. fish 表条数,同种多条,单复同形,例如:
2) 结尾+en/ren:ox— oxen child— children
不变: Chinese, Japanese, Swedish瑞典人, Swiss瑞士人
a变e: Englishmen, Frenchwomen, Dutchmen
+s: Americans; ustralians; Greeks希腊人; Europeans欧洲人; Germans
4)oo→ee: foot→feet; goose→geese; tooth→teeth
其中特例:a.chicken 表小鸡时可数,chicken-chickens
Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese.
Frenchman-Frenchmen, Englishman-Englishmen
American-Americans, Australian-Australians,
Canadian-CAnadians, Indian-Indians.
1.男人、女人 前后都变:但当 n1=man/woman 时,变复数,两者一起变。
a man teacher, two men teachers
a book shop, two book shops
They are bus drivers. (正确)
They are buses drivers. (错误)
They are woman drivers.(错误)
They are women drivers.(正确)
3.mother-in-law(婆婆; 岳母) 复数 mothers-in-law
新闻;消息 news; 信息 information; 建议 advice
作业 homework; 草 grass; 家务 housework
原则1.不可数名词永远按单数处理,前面不能加 a(n), 后不加s
原则2.不可数名词可用表示量得名词表示数量,表示量的名词可数。
常用量词:a bar of; a bowl of; two cups of; two pieces of; a bag of; a pair of
piece:a piece of meat/ paper/ bread/ music/ information/ furniture/ machinery, etc.
一片肉/一张纸/一片面包/一首曲子/一条信息/一件家具/一台机器等
bar :a bar of chocolate/candy
bottle: a bottle of ink/milk/wine
注意:two bottles of water, two pairs of shoes(常考)