日期:2024-09-23 10:19 点击:
There be 句型也叫“存在句”,表示“在某地/时有某物/人”。本节课我们要学习这个句型的构成、陈述句和疑问句的变化以及它与have的区别等。
一、 There be句型的构成。
“There be +某物/某人+某地/某时”;此结构表示“某地/某时有某人/某物”。句中的there是引导词,没有词义;be是句子的谓语动词;“某人/物”是句子的主语;因此这个句式其实是一个倒装句。(即:谓语或者谓语的一部分提到主语前面的句式。)例如:
I am a student. 我是一个学生。(普通语序的句子)
There is a girl in the classroom. 教室里有一个女孩儿。(There be 句型)
二、There be句型用法。
1. There be句型的谓语动词。
There be句型中,句子的谓语动词是be,应该和后面的主语保持一致。当句子的主语是可数名词的单数或者是不可数名词的时候,be用is;如果句子的主语是可数名词的 复数形式,be用are。例如:
There is some milk in the bottle. 瓶子里有一些牛奶。
There are some apples on the table. 桌子上有一些苹果。
注意:如果有两个或者两个以上的主语,谓语和与它最近的主语保持一致,这叫就近原则。例如:
There is a bed and two chairs in the bedroom.
卧室里有一张床和两把椅子。
2. There be句型的句式变化。
(1)否定句
There be句型的否定句是在连系动词be的后面直接加not。例如:
There is not a boy in the room. 房子里没有一个男孩。
There isn’t any water in the bottle.瓶子里没有一些水。
(2)一般疑问句
There be句型的一般疑问句是把连系动词be提到句子的开头,要大写。它的肯定回答是:Yes, there is/are. 否定回答是:No, there isn’t / aren’t. 例如:
-Are there any flowers in the garden? 花园里有一些花吗?
-Yes, there are. 是的,有一些。
(3)特殊疑问句
There be句型的特殊疑问句是用“特殊疑问词+一般疑问句”构成的,有以下三种形式:
①对主语提问时用who或者what;主语是人时用who, 是物时用what。
其中there在口语中常常省略。例如:
There is a bird in the tree. →What’s in the tree? 树上有什么?
There is a little girl in the room. →Who is in the room? 谁在房间里?
注意:无论原句的主语是单数还是复数,对其提问时一般都用be的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。
There are some bikes over there. →What’s over there?
那边有什么?
② 对地点状语提问:用 “Where is \ are + 主语?”表示(注意其答语变化)。例如:
There is a computer in my office. 我的办公室有一台计算机。
→ -Where is the computer? 计算机在哪里?
-It’s in my office. 在我办公室。
There are four children in the classroom. 教室里有四个孩子。
→-Where are the four children? 四个孩子在哪里?
-They’re in the classroom. 他们在教室。
③ 对数量提问:一般有两种提问方式, 如果主语是可数名词,无论是单数还是复数,都用“How many +可数名词复数 + are there + 介词短语?”;如果主语是不可数名词,则用“ How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语?”。例如:
There are twelve months in a year. 一年有12个月。
→How many months are there in a year? 一年有多少个月?
There is only one book in my bag. 我的包里只有一本书。
→How many books are there in your bag? 你的包里有几本书?
There is a cat in the box. 箱子里有一只猫。
→How many cats are there in the box? 箱子里有多少只猫?
There is some money in my purse. 我的钱包里有一些钱。
→How much money is there in your purse? 你的钱包里有多少钱?
拓展:There be句型的反意疑问句用“陈述部分+be(not)there?”。例如:
There is a beautiful girl in the garden, isn’t there?
花园里有一个漂亮的女孩,是吗?
There are some books on the table, aren’t there?
桌子上有些书,是吗?
She isn’t a student, is she?
她不是个学生,对吗?
3. There be句型的各种时态。
There be句型的各种时态是由be的变化来体现的,例如:
一般现在时中,be是am/is/are。
e.g. There is some water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一些水。
There are some flowers in the basket. 篮子里有些花。
一般过去时中,be是 was/were。
e.g. There was a bike under the tree just now. 刚才树下有一辆自行车。
There were some students in the classroom last night. 昨天晚上教室里有些学生。
一般将来时中,be的前面要加上be going to / will, 此时谓语是is/are going to be或者will be。
e.g. There will be a match in our school tomorrow.
= There is going to be a match in our school tomorrow.
明天我们学校将要有一场比赛。
拓展:There be的中间可以用情态动词表示“可能有或者一定有”的意思。例如:
There may be a tiger in the forest.
树林里可能有老虎。
There must be a boy crying in your room.
在你的房间里一定有一个男孩在哭。
There be句型中be动词在其它时态中的变化,我们可以在以后的学习中继续总结。
Ⅰ. 单项选择。
1. There ______ a book and three pencils on the desk.
A. be
B. is
C. are
D. am
2. _______ there a new bike in front of our classroom?
A. Is
B. Are
C. Do
D. Does
3. There ______ any books on your desk.
A. aren’t
B. isn’t
C. don’t
D. doesn’t
4. ______ _______ apples are there on the table? There are four.
A. How much
B. How many
C. How large
D. How big
5. ______ ________ milk is there in the bottle? There is little.
A. How many
B. How old
C. How far
D. How much
6. ______ your father _____ a new car?
A. Is; there
B. Are; there
C. Does; have
D. Do; has
7. ______ less milk in this bottle than in that one.
A. There have
B. There has
C. There is
D. There are
8. —Again, my computer doesn’t work.
— _______ must be something wrong with the CPU.
A. There
B. That
C. It
D. This
9. There ______ a talk show on CCTV-3 at eight this evening.
A. is going to be
B. is going to have
C. will have
D. are going to be
10. —There ______ no milk in the fridge. Could you got some for me, Dick?
— All right, Mum.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
【真题链接】
1. There isn’t food in the fridge.
A. some
B. an
C. a
D. any
2.—How many _______ are there on the table?
—Eighteen.
A. milk
B. milks
C. bottle of milk
D. bottles of milk
3.There are________ in a year and December is ________ of the year.
A.twelve month; the twelfth month
B.the twelfth month; twelve months
C.twelve months; twelfth month
D.twelve months; the twelfth month
Ⅱ. 用be动词的适当形式填空。
1. There _______(be)many things over there.
2. There _______ (be) a little girl in the room.
3. _______ there any water on the moon?
4. _______ (be) there any pictures on the wall?
5. There _______ (be not) a bike behind the tree.
6. There ________ (be) a dictionary and two books on the desk.
7. There ________ (be) some juice in the glass.
Ⅲ. 句型转换。
1. There are some cars and buses on the street. (改为一般疑问句)
_______ there _______ cars or buses on the stress?
2. Is there a pay phone across from the library? (做否定回答)
No, _______ ________ .
3. There is a piece of paper on the table. (改为一般疑问句)
______ there ______ piece of paper on the table?
4. There are two pay phones in the neighborhood. (改为否定句)
There ________ two pay phones in the neighborhood?
5. There are 15 children in our class. (对划线部分提问)
_______ ______ children _______ _______ in your class?
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