日期：2023-12-04 13:06 点击：
The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world that created by human beings! If you come to China without climbing the Great Wall, it's just like going Paris without visiting the Eiffel Tower; or going to Egypt without visiting the Pyramids! Men often say, "He who doest not reach the Great Wall is not a true man."In fact, it began as independent walls for different states when it was first built, and did not become the "Great Wall" until the Qin Dynasty. However, the wall we see today, starting from Shanhaiguan Pass in the east to Jiayunguan Pass in the west, was mostly built during the Ming Dynasty.
长城是人类创造的世界奇迹之一。如果你到了中国却没去过长城，就想到了巴黎没有去看看菲尔铁塔，或者就像到了埃及没有去看金字塔一样。人们常说：“不到长城非好汉。”实际上，长城最初只是一些断断续续的城墙，直到秦朝统一中国后才将其连城长城。然而，今天我们看到的长城——东起山海关，西至嘉峪关——大部分都是在明代修建的。
Dumplings are one of the Chinese people’s favorite traditional dishes. According to an ancient Chinese legend, dumplings were first made by the medical saint---Zhang Zhongjing. There are three steps involved in making dumplings: 1) make dumpling wrappers out of dumpling flour; 2) prepare the dumpling stuffing; 3) make dumplings and boil them. With thin and elastic dough skin, fresh and tender stuffing, delicious taste, and unique shapes, dumplings are worth eating hundreds of times. There’s an old saying that claims, “Nothing could be more delicious than dumplings”. During the Spring Festival and other holidays, or when treating relatives and friends, Chinese people like to follow the auspicious custom of eating dumplings. To Chinese people who show high reverence for family love, having dumplings at the moment the old year is replaced by the new is an essential part of bidding farewell to the old and ushering in the new year.
饺子是深受中国人民喜爱的传统食品。 相传为古代医圣张仲景发明。饺子的制作是包括：1） 擀皮、2） 备馅、3） 包馅水煮三个步骤。其特点是皮薄馅嫩，味道鲜美，形状独特，百食不厌。民间有“好吃不过饺子”的俗语。中国人接亲待客、逢年过节都有包饺子吃的习俗，寓意吉利。对崇尚亲情的中国人来说，“更岁交子”吃饺子，更是欢度除夕、辞旧迎新必不可少的内容。
The Chinese way of eating with chopsticks is unique in the world. The recorded history of chopsticks started more than three thousand years ago. Chopsticks were named zhu in ancient Chinese. They look deceptively simple to use, but possess multi-various functions, such as clamping, turning over, lifting up, raking, stirring, scooping, poking, tearing, and so on. Chopsticks were taken as an auspicious mascot by ordinary people in ancient China. For example, the partial tone of chopsticks is often used by people as a metaphor at weddings to indicate a blessing or benediction for the couple to have a baby soon. Unlike using a knife and fork or one’s own hands, a pair of chopsticks also implies the meaning of “Harmony is what matters”. Chopsticks are highly praised by Westerners as a hallmark of ancient oriental civilization.
中国人使用筷子就餐的方式在世界上独树一帜。有史记载用筷的历史已有三千多年。筷子古时称为箸，它看似简单，但却同时具有夹、拨、挑、扒、拌、撮、戳、撕等多种功能。中国民间视筷子为吉祥之物，如婚俗中将筷子隐喻为快生贵子的祝福等。与使用刀叉以及手抓的 方式不同，成双结对的筷子含有“和为贵“的意蕴。西方人赞誉筷子是古老的东方文明。
Chinese kung fu, or Chinese martial arts, carries traditional Chinese culture in abundance. It is a traditional Chinese sport which applies the art of attack and defence in combat and the motions engaged with a series of skill and tricks. The core idea of Chinese king fu is derived from the Confucian theory of both “the mean and harmony” and “cultivating qi” (otherwise known as nourishing one’s spirit). Meanwhile, it also includes thoughts of Taoism and Buddhism. Chinese kung fu has a long history, with multi-various sects and many different boxing styles, and emphasizes coupling hardness with softness and internal and external training. It contains the ancient great thinkers’ pondering of life and the universe. The skills in wielding the 18 kinds of weapons named by the later generations mainly involve the skills of bare-handed boxing, such as shadow boxing (Taijiquan), form and will boxing (Xingyiquan), eight trigram palm (Baguazhang), and the skills of kung fu weaponry, such as the skill of using swords, spears, two-edged swords and halberds, axes, tomahawks, kooks, prongs and so on.
中国功夫即中国武术，是将技击寓于搏斗和套路运动之中的中国传统体育项目，承载着丰富的中国民族传统文化。其核心思想是儒家的中和养气之说，同时兼容了道家、释家的思想。中国武术源远流长、流派林立、拳种繁多，讲究刚柔并济、内外兼修，蕴含着先哲们对生命和宇宙的参悟。后世所称十八般武艺，主要指：徒手拳艺，如太极拳、形意拳、八卦掌等；器械功夫，如刀枪剑戟、斧钺钩叉等。
Chinese characters were initially meant to be simple pictures used to help people remember things. After a long period of development, it finally became a unique character system that embodies phonetic sound, image, idea, and rhyme at the same time. The writing system, which was extremely advanced in ancient times, began with inscriptions on bones and tortoise shells, and these are regarded as the original forms of Chinese characters. Afterwards, Chinese characters went through numerous calligraphic styles: bronze inscriptions, official script, regular script, cursive script, running script, etc. Chinese characters are usually round outside and square inside, which is rooted in ancient Chinese beliefs of an orbicular sky and a rectangular Earth. The five basic strokes of Chinese characters are “---“ (the horizontal stroke) “│” (the vertical stroke), “／”( the left-falling stroke), “＼” (the right-falling stroke), and “乙” (the turning stroke).
汉字是从原始人用以记事的简单图画，经过不断演变发展最终成为一种兼具音、形、意韵的独特文字。现存中国古代最早成熟的文字是甲骨文，被认为是现代汉字的初形。此后，汉字又经历了金文、隶书、楷书、草书、行书等不同的阶段。汉字结构“外圆内方“， 源于古人”天圆地方“的观念。汉字有五种基本笔画，即：横、竖、撇、捺、折。
Yangko is one of tradition folk dance of Han in China.It is usually performed in northern provinces. The dancers usually wear colorful and light costumes, and the performance is powerful and rapid. During some festivals such as Spring Festival, Lantein Festival, if people hear the sound of drum and gong, no matter how cold the weather is , they will come to street and appreciate the Yangko. Recent years, the old people in city of east-northern of China organized the team of Yangko by themselves, the teamers keep their health by dancing Yangko the whole year.
秧歌舞是中国汉族的一种民间传统舞蹈，通常在北方省份表演。秧歌舞者通常穿上明亮多彩的表演服装，他们的表演动作有力迅速。在农历春节、元宵节等节日期间，人们一旦听到锣鼓声，不管外面天气有多冷，他们都会蜂拥到街上看秧歌舞表演。近年来，中国东北某些城市的老年人自发组织了了秧歌队，队员常年通过跳秧歌舞来保持健康，同事他们也乐在其中。
Acupuncture is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In accordance with the “main and collateral channels” theory in TCM, the purpose of acupuncture is to dredge the channel and regulate qi and blood, so as to keep the body’s yin and yang balanced and achieve reconciliation between the internal organs. It features in traditional Chinese medicine that “internal diseases are to be treated with external therapy”. The main therapy of acupuncture involves using needles to pierce certain acupoints of the patient’s body, or adopting moxibustion to stimulate the patient’s acupoints so as to stimulate the channels and relieve pain. With its unique advantages, acupuncture has been handed down generation after generation and has now spread all over the world. Nowadays, acupuncture, along with Chinese food, kung fu (otherwise known as Chinese martial arts), and traditional Chinese medicine, has been internationally hailed as one of the “four new national treasures.”
针灸是中医学的重要组成部分。按照中医的经络理论，针灸疗法主要是通过疏通经络、调和气血，来达到阴阳归于平衡，使脏腑趋于调和之目的。其特点是“内病外治”。主要疗法是用针刺入病人身体的一定穴位，或用艾火的温热刺激烧灼病人的穴位，以达到刺激经络。治疗病痛的目的。针灸以其独特的优势，流传至今并传播到了世界，与中餐、功夫、中药一起被海外誉为中国的“新四大国粹”。
Dragon totem worship in China has been around for the last 8,000 years. The ancients in China considered the dragon (or loong) a fetish that combines animals including the fish, snake, horse and ox with cloud, thunder, lightning and other natural celestial phenomena. The Chinese dragon was formed in accordance with the multicultural fusion process of the Chinese nation. To the Chinese, the dragon signifies innovation and cohesion.
对龙图腾他的崇拜在中国大约已绵延了八千多年。中国龙是古人将鱼、蛇、马、牛等动物与云雾、雷电等自然天象集合而成的一种神物。 中国龙的形成与中华民族的多元融合过程同步。在中国人的心目中，龙具有振奋腾飞、开拓变化的寓意和团结凝聚的精神。
A seal can also be defined as a stamp. Both the Chinese official and private seal of various dynasties have different titles, such as stamp, zhu note, contract, fu, lease and others. The seals used by the emperors of ancient China were called xi, yin, bao, etc. According to historical records, seals were widely used during the Warring States Period (475BC-221BC). The making of a seal is to engrave fonts, such as seal characters and official script and so on; or images in the form of intaglio and embossment into the seal, basically shaped as round or square. Covered with a vermilion overlay, the Chinese seal is not only used in daily life, but it is also used to represent signatures on paintings and calligraphies. It is gradually becoming one of China’s unique artworks.
印章就是图章。中国历代官、私所用的印章有印信、朱记、合同、符、契等等不同的称谓，而帝王所用的印章古时称玺、印、宝、章等。据史料记载，印章在战国时代已普遍使用。印章的制作是将篆隶等字体、图像用阴、阳的形式雕刻而成，形状以圆、方为主。印章用朱色 钤盖，除日常应用外，又多用于书画题识，逐渐成为中国特有的艺术形式之一。
Praised as “Oriental Opera”, Beijing Opera is a genuine national quintessence of China. It originated from many kinds of ancient local operas, especially huiban in southern China. At the end of the 19th Century, Beijing Opera evolved and took shape, becoming the greatest kind of opera in China. Beijing Opera is a blend of performing arts---song, speech, performance, acrobatix fighting and dance. Beijing Opera portrays and narrates the plot and characters through stylized acting. The main types of roles in Beijing Opera are sheng(male), dan (young female), jing (painted face, male), and chou( clown, male or female).
京剧被誉为“东方歌剧”， 是地道的中国国粹。它起源于中国多种古老的地方戏剧，特别是南方的“徽班”。到了19世纪末，京剧形成并成为中国最大的戏曲剧种。京剧是综合性表演艺术，集唱（歌唱）、念（念白）、做（表演）、打（武）、舞（舞蹈）为一体，通过程式化的表演手段，叙述故事，刻画人物。角色主要分生（男性）、旦（女性）、净（男性）、丑（男性女性皆有）四大行当。
Chinese idioms refer to comprehensive and integrated fixed phrases and expressions. Idioms are established and accepted by constant usage and common practice. An idiom is a language unit that is larger than a word, but has the same grammatical function as a word. Most Chinese idioms consist of four characters. For example, ziqiangbuxi ( make unremitting efforts to improve oneself), qingchuyulan(bluer than indigo), and houjibofa (success comes with time and effort). Idioms are extrated from folk proverbs, ancient works of literature, poems, fables, allusions, and well-known sayings. Idioms are a part of the Chinese language that are concise and have great vitality.
中国成语是汉语中意义完整的表示一般概念的固定词组或短语。“成语”中的“成”既是约定俗成。成语是比词大而语法功能又相当于词的语言单位。绝大多数的中国成语由四个汉字组成，例如：自强不息、青出于蓝、厚积薄发。成语主要从民间谚语、古代文学作品、诗歌、寓言、典故、名言警句等方面提炼而成，是汉语语言中精炼而又富有生命力的一部分。
China is the home of silk. Mulberry planting, sericulture, silk reeling and thickening are all great inventions of the ancient Chinese. As early as the Shang and Zhou Dynasties (1600BC-256BC), the Chinese people’s silk-weaving techniques had reached an extremely high level. During the Western Han Dynasty (206BC-25AD), Zhang Qian, an outstanding diplomat, travelled around central Asia and connected China with the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean, opening up a new era of Sino-foreign trade, exchange and communication. From then on, China’s silk became well known for its extraordinary quality, exquisite design and color, and abundant culture connotations. Hitherto, Chinese silk has been accepted as a symbol of Chinese culture and the emissary of oriental civilization.
中国是丝绸的故乡。栽桑、养蚕、缫丝、织绸是中国古代人民的伟大发明。商周时期丝绸的生产技术就已发展到相当高的水平。西汉时张骞通西域，把中原与波斯湾、地中海紧密联系起来，开辟了中外交流贸易的新纪元。从此中国的丝绸以其卓越的品质、精美的花色和丰富的文化内涵闻名于世，成为中国文化的象征。东方文明的使者。
The Chinese classical garden is a precious treasure of our ancient Chinese architecture. It is a kind of environment art, which systematically combines artificial mountains and rivers, plants and buildings with the natural landscape. The construction standard of a Chinese classical garden is “artificial as it is, the garden must look ingenious and natural.” When you go sightseeing in a Chinese classical garden, you should be able to appreciate its artistic concept which “makes use of the natural landscape to create the real fun of mountains and rivers for viewers.” Of the world’s three major garden systems, the Chinese classical garden is hailed as one of the origins of the world’s garden due to its long history and abundant connotations.
中国园林是把人造的山水、植物、建筑等与自然地貌有机结合的环境艺术，是我国古代建筑艺术的珍宝。其建造原则是“妙极自然，宛自天开”。游赏中国古典园林，能充分领略“假自然之景，创山水真趣”的园林意境。在世界三大园林体系中，中国园林历史悠久、内涵丰富，被誉为世界造园史上的渊源之一。
The writing brush, ink stick, ink stone, and paper were requisite treasures in the study of the scholars of ancient China, and they are often referred to as the “Four Treasures of the Study.” The writing brush and ink stick have been used by the Chinese to write and paint since 5,000 years ago. In the Qin Dynasty (221BC---206BC), people already used feathers of different hardness and bamboo trunks to make brushes. During the Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD), man-made ink was used instead of natural ink. After paper was invented by the Chinese, bamboo slips, wooden tablets, brocade and silk, which originally functioned as writing surfaces, gradually faded out. The ink stone was first developed with the use of writing brushes and ink. After the Song Dynasty (960AD---1279AD), the “Four Treasure of the Study” particularly referred to hubi, the writing brush produced in Huzhou, Zhejiang province; huimo, the ink stick produced in Huizhou, Anhui province; xuan paper, a kind of paper produced in Xuanzhou, Anhui province; and duanyan, the ink stone made in Zhaoqing, Guangdong province (Zhaoqing was earlier called Duanzhou). Indeed, the Four Treasures of the Study” have writtin the whole Chinese civilization, as it is.
笔墨纸砚是中国古代文人书房当中必备的宝贝，被称为“文房四宝”。用笔墨书写绘画在中国可追溯到五千年前。秦时已用不同硬度的毛和竹管制笔；汉代以人工制墨替代了天然墨；有了纸张以后，简牍锦帛逐失其用；砚台则随笔墨的使用而发展。 “文房四宝”到宋朝以后特指湖笔、徽墨、宣纸、端砚。可以说文房四宝书写了整个中华文明。
A seal can also be defined as a stamp. Both the Chinese official and private seal of various dynasties have different titles, such as stamp, zhu note, contract, fu, lease and others. The seals used by the emperors of ancient China were called xi, yin, bao, etc. According to historical records, seals were widely used during the Warring States Period (475BC-221BC). The making of a seal is to engrave fonts, such as seal characters and official script and so on; or images in the form of intaglio and embossment into the seal, basically shaped as round or square. Covered with a vermilion overlay, the Chinese seal is not only used in daily life, but it is also used to represent signatures on paintings and calligraphies. It is gradually becoming one of China’s unique artworks.
印章就是图章。中国历代官、私所用的印章有印信、朱记、合同、符、契等等不同的称谓，而帝王所用的印章古时称玺、印、宝、章等。据史料记载，印章在战国时代已普遍使用。印章的制作是将篆隶等字体、图像用阴、阳的形式雕刻而成，形状以圆、方为主。印章用朱色 钤盖，除日常应用外，又多用于书画题识，逐渐成为中国特有的艺术形式之一。
The Chinese era is the symbol that the Chinese calendar uses for recording and naming years. The ten Heavenly Stems are: jia, yi, bing, ding, wu, ji, geng, xin, ren, gui. The twelve Earthly Branches are: zi.chou, yin, mou, chen, si, wu, wei, shen, you, xu, hai. After observing the lunar month, the ancients found that the moon always wazes and wanes roughly 12 times a year, and two lunar months account for about 60 days, so the order of the ten Heavenly Stems and the order of the twelve Earthly Branches are properly matched in turn. In terms of recording date, 60 years is considered to be a full time cycle. The Chinese era chronology was first invented in ancient times and is still in use now.
天干地支是中国历法中用以记录和命名年岁的方法。十天干为：甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、已、庚、辛、壬、癸；十二地支为：子、丑、寅、卯、辰、巳、午、未、申、酉、戊、亥。古人观测朔望月，发现月亮圆缺12次大体上是一年的天数，而两个朔望月约是60天。古人以十天干与十二地支的顺序依次相配，记录不同年份，60年为一个轮回。干支纪年法从古沿用至今。
1. 国学经典
【典型试题】
假定你是李华, 你的美国笔友Mike来信向你询问汉语成语“揠苗助长”的含义。请你根据下面的汉语提示用英语给Mike写一封回信, 向其解释该成语的由来和意义。
宋人有闵其苗之不长而揠之者, 芒芒然归, 谓其人曰, “今日病矣, 予助苗长矣。”其子趋而往视之, 苗则槁矣。
注意: 1. 词数80左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
【考场审题】
Step 1: 精准审题 谋篇布局
|
人称 |
I(Li Hua) |
|
时态 |
一般现在时, 一般过去时 |
|
段落布局 |
开头点题: 很高兴Mike喜欢中国文学 主体段落: 讲解成语故事及所含的意义 结尾: 期待对方回信 |
Step 2: 头脑风暴 字字珠玉
(1)美词: feel proud, be anxious about, all at once
(2)佳句:
①I feel proud knowing your interest in Chinese literature.
②Without doubt, all of the seedlings dried up and died.
Step 3: 斟酌词句 妙笔生花
要点1: 知道你对中国文学感兴趣, 我很骄傲。
一般表达: I feel proud that you are interested in Chinese literature.
句式升级: (变换词性, 简化句式)
I feel proud knowing your interest in Chinese literature.
要点2: 毫无疑问, 所有的小苗都干枯死掉了。
一般表达: There’s no doubt that all of the seedlings dried up and died.
句式升级(介词短语, 简化句式)
Without doubt, all of the seedlings dried up and died.
Step 4: 衔接过渡 斐然成篇
Dear Mike,
It’s great to hear from you. I feel proud knowing your interest in Chinese literature.
The set phrase you asked me means trying to help seedlings grow by pulling them up. There is a story behind it. A man in the Song State was so anxious about the slow growth of his seedlings that he pulled them upward one by one to help the seedlings grow much taller all at once. Without doubt, all of the seedlings dried up and died. This set phrase means that growing against the law of development in things and being over-anxious for quick results will make things worse.
Looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours,
Li Hua
2. 书法艺术
【典型试题】
假设你是李华, 在美国孔子学院的笔友Jack对汉字毛笔书法非常感兴趣, 写信向你咨询学习毛笔书法的建议。请你用英语回一封信, 内容包括:
1. 学习毛笔书法的必备工具;
2. 你认为学好毛笔书法的有效方式;
3. 学好毛笔书法的好处。
注意: 1. 词数80左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
参考词汇: 书法 calligraphy 毛笔 writing brush 砚台 ink stone
【考场审题】
Step 1: 精准审题 谋篇布局
|
人称 |
第一人称(I); 第二人称(you) |
|
时态 |
一般现在时 |
|
段落 布局 |
开头点题: 很高兴告诉他如何学习中国书法 主体段落: 学习中国书法的方法及好处 结尾: 希望他能亲自来中国欣赏中国书法艺术 |
Step 2: 头脑风暴 字字珠玉
(1)美词: essential, benefit, cultivate, purify, step by step, do good to
(2)佳句:
①As we all know, the four treasures of the study are writing brush, ink, paper and ink stone, which are essential to learn Chinese calligraphy.
②Not only does it do good to health, but also it can cultivate morality and purify our souls.
Step 3: 斟酌词句 妙笔生花
要点1: 我们都知道, 文房四宝是毛笔、墨水、纸和砚台, 这对学习中国书法很重要。
As we all know, the four treasures of the study are writing brush, ink, paper and ink stone and they are important to learn Chinese calligraphy.
句式升级(非限制性定语从句, 高级词汇)
As we all know, the four treasures of the study are writing brush, ink, paper and ink stone, which are essential to learn Chinese calligraphy.
要点2: 它不仅对我们的健康有益, 还能培养我们的品德, 净化我们的灵魂。
It not only does good to health, but it can also cultivate morality and purify our souls.
句式升级(倒装句式)
Not only does it do good to health, but also it can cultivate morality and purify our souls.
Step 4: 衔接过渡 斐然成篇
Dear Jack,
Knowing you’re interested in Chinese calligraphy, I’m writing to tell you how to learn Chinese calligraphy.
As we all know, the four treasures of the study are writing brush, ink, paper and ink stone, which are essential to learn Chinese calligraphy. As to the way to learn it, I think, for one thing, you may study the basic structure of each Chinese character step by step; for another, choosing a good model book to copy is of great benefit to you. Chinese calligraphy is a fine art of the excellent traditional cultures in China. Not only does it do good to health, but also it can cultivate morality and purify our souls.
Hoping you can come to China to enjoy it personally.
Yours,
Li Hua
3. 中国戏曲
【典型试题】
假定你是李华, 你想邀请在中国留学的英国好友Peter观看京剧表演, 但Peter不在家, 你给他写张留言条, 内容包括:
1. 你到Peter家的目的;
2. 介绍京剧;
3. 再约时间观看。
注意: 1. 词数80左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
参考词汇: quintessence 精华, 精粹; ornate 华丽的
【考场审题】
Step 1: 精准审题 谋篇布局
|
人称 |
第一人称; 第二人称 |
|
时态 |
主要用一般现在时, 一般将来时 |
|
段落 布局 |
开头点题: 请Peter看京剧 主体段落: 简要介绍京剧 结尾: 再次衷心邀请 |
Step 2: 头脑风暴 字字珠玉
(1)美词: perform, various, sincerely, with a history of, be considered as, in advance
(2)佳句:
①With a history of nearly 200 years, Beijing Opera is a form of traditional Chinese theatre, which is considered as the quintessence of Chinese culture.
②The performers in ornate costume perform various stories that happened in history to audience by singing, dance and motions.
Step 3: 斟酌词句 妙笔生花
要点1: 京剧作为中国传统戏曲的一种形式, 有着近200年的历史, 被认为是中国传统文化的精华。
一般表达:
Beijing Opera is a form of traditional Chinese theatre. It has a history of nearly 200 years and it is considered as the quintessence of Chinese culture.
句式升级(介词短语, 定语从句)
With a history of nearly 200 years, Beijing Opera is a form of traditional Chinese theatre, which is considered as the quintessence of Chinese culture.
要点2: 表演者身着华丽的服装, 通过唱、跳和其他动作向观众表演历史故事。
一般表达:
The performers wear ornate costume and sing, dance and motion to perform various history stories to audience.
句式升级(介词短语作定语、作状语, 定语从句)
The performers in ornate costume perform various stories that happened in history to audience by singing, dance and motions.
Step 4: 衔接过渡 斐然成篇
Dear Peter,
I came to see you but you were out. I’d like to invite you to see Beijing Opera with me next week, since you have always wanted to know more about Chinese culture since the first day to China.
With a history of nearly 200 years, Beijing Opera is a form of traditional Chinese theatre, which is considered as the quintessence of Chinese culture. The performers in ornate costume perform various stories that happened in history to audience by singing, dance and motions. Please let me know when you will be free and I will buy the tickets in advance.
I sincerely hope that you can accept my invitation and I’m sure you’ll enjoy it.
Yours,
Li Hua
4. 传统节日
【典型试题】
假定你是李华, 你所在的社区将举行一场元宵节游园活动(Garden Activity)o请你代表社区委员会给住在本社区的外教Smith夫妇发一封英文邀请函。内容包括:
1. 活动时间: 农历正月十五晚上6点至10点;
2. 活动地点: 公园;
3. 活动内容: 赏花灯、猜灯谜、欣赏文艺表演等。
注意: 1. 词数80左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
【考场审题】
Step 1: 精准审题 谋篇布局
|
人称 |
主要用第一人称 |
|
时态 |
一般现在时, 一般将来时 |
|
段落布局 |
开头点题: 写信目的: 邀请参加元宵节活动 主体段落: 简要介绍元宵节及其活动 结尾: 期待回复 |
Step 2: 头脑风暴 字字珠玉
(1)美词: admire, various, performances, on behalf of
(2)佳句:
The activity is going to be held in the park from 6: 00 pm to 10: 00 pm, when we will admire the beautiful lanterns, guess lantern riddles and enjoy various and interesting performances.
Step 3: 斟酌词句 妙笔生花
要点: 活动将于下午6点至10点在公园举行, 期间我们会欣赏花灯, 猜灯谜并欣赏各种各样的有趣的表演。
一般表达: The activity is going to be held in the park from 6: 00 pm to 10: 00 pm. During that time, we will admire the beautiful lanterns, guess lantern riddles and enjoy various and interesting performances.
句式升级(定语从句)
The activity is going to be held in the park from 6: 00 pm to 10: 00 pm, when we will admire the beautiful lanterns, guess lantern riddles and enjoy various and interesting performances.
Step 4: 衔接过渡 斐然成篇
Dear Mr & Mrs Smith,
I’m writing on behalf of our community to invite you to join us in the Garden Activity for the Lantern Festival on January 15 of the Chinese lunar year.
The Lantern Festival is a traditional Chinese festival to celebrate the first full moon night in a lunar new year. The activity is going to be held in the park from 6: 00 pm to 10: 00 pm, when we will admire the beautiful lanterns, guess lantern riddles and enjoy various and interesting performances.
It will be a great pleasure if you come and have fun with us. Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
5.古典建筑
【典型试题】
假定你班最近就圆明园是否需要重建开展了一场讨论, 同学们的观点各不相同, 各自理由主要如下表所示, 请根据表格提供的讨论情况写一篇英文报道。
|
赞同 |
反对 |
|
1. 重建该园辉煌景象 |
1. 保留原样更为合理 |
|
2. 中华文明具体体现 |
2. 警示人们不忘过去 |
|
3. 如部分恢复, 可与废墟对照, 让人们记住历史 |
3. 破坏该地生态环境 |
注意: 词数: 80左右。
参考词汇: 故宫the Palace Museum 颐和园the Summer Palace
【考场审题】
Step 1: 精准审题 谋篇布局
|
人称 |
第三人称 |
|
时态 |
一般现在时, 一般将来时 |
|
段落 布局 |
开头点题: 简要说明这次讨论 主体段落: 陈述两种不同的观点 结尾: 表明自己的观点 |
Step 2: 头脑风暴 字字珠玉
(1)美词: fall into ruins, original, reflect, comparison, reasonable, remind sb. of sth. , advisable, promote
(2)佳句:
① Supporters say that only by doing so can we see the original sight of the garden, which reflects the Chinese civilization.
②Some also worry that the environment will be destroyed when the construction goes on in this district.
Step 3: 斟酌词句 妙笔生花
要点1: 支持的人认为只有通过这么做, 我们才可以看见圆明园的原始景观, 它反映了中华文明。
一般表达: Supporters say that we can see the original sight of the garden only by doing so, and it reflects the Chinese civilization.
句式升级(倒装句, 定语从句)
支持的人认为只有通过这么做, 我们才可以看见圆明园的原始景观, 它反映了中华文明。
Supporters say only by doing so can we see the original sight of the garden, which reflects the Chinese civilization.
要点2: 如果我们重建它的一部分, 它就可以提供一种对照让我们记住历史。
一般表达: If we rebuild part of it, it will provide a comparison and help us remember the history.
句式升级(过去分词作状语)
If partly rebuilt, it will provide a comparison and help us remember the history.
Step 4: 衔接过渡 斐然成篇
Should Yuanmingyuan Be Rebuilt?
Yuanmingyuan, “Garden of all gardens”, was burnt and fell into ruins in 1860. Recently my classmates had a discussion about whether it should be rebuilt or not.
Supporters say only by doing so can we see the original sight of the garden, which reflects the Chinese civilization(文明). If partly rebuilt, it will provide a comparison and help us remember the history.
Those who disagree think it more reasonable to keep the garden like this. The ruins will remind us of the past. We should never forget the history. Some also worry that the environment will be destroyed when the construction goes on in this district.
Personally, it is advisable to rebuild Yuanmingyuan, which will add beauty to the city. What’s more, the new scenic spot will no doubt promote the economic development of the local area.
【检测训练】
1．假如你叫李华，最近在某个购物网站上购买了一件夹克，但在到货后发现夹克存在一些问题。请给该网站写一封投诉信，内容应包含如下要点：
1. 写信目的；
2. 投诉内容：夹克颜色和尺寸出错等；
3. 期望得到的解决方式。
注意：
1. 书信内容包括以上要点；
2. 词数80左右（书信格式已给出，不计入总词数）；
3. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Sir or Madam,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I am looking forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear Sir or Madam,
I’m writing to complain about the jacket which I bought from your website. This morning I received the jacket on time. I regret to say that there’s something wrong with it.
Firstly, I’m pretty sure I asked you to send me a purple one. The moment the mail box arrived, I couldn’t wait to open it, only to find a red one. To make things worse, I need a size 170-88A while you sent me a size 175-92B, which is too large for me. Were I in it, I would be a clown. And it is of such bad quality—the zipper doesn’t work at all!
My concern is whether you will return me the money or have the jacket replaced and I wonder who will pay the postage.
I am looking forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【写作分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给某购物网站写一封投诉信，投诉在其网站购买的夹克颜色和尺寸出错并提出期望得到的解决方式。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
遗憾：be sorry→regret
非常/相当：quite→pretty
邮寄：post→send
归还：give back→return
2.句式拓展
同义句
原句：I’m writing to complain about the jacket which I bought from your website.
拓展句：I’m writing to complain about the jacket bought from your website.
2．假设你是李华。英国某学校将于今年9月份组织学生来你校交流学习。你校安排John Davis 同学借住你家。请你写信给John，表达对他的欢迎，并告知他第一天的活动安排。要点如下：
1.上午参观学校，熟悉环境，并参加学校组织的活动；
2.下午游览市区，享用美食；
3.晚上健身，看电影。
注意: 1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头语不计入总词数。
Dear John,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear John,
I’m so glad to learn that you are coming to visit our school and staying at my home. Now let me tell you what we are scheduled to do on the first day.
In the morning, we will take a tour of the campus to get familiar with the environment. Our school has prepared a number of interesting activities for you, our distinguished guests. In the afternoon, we will pay a visit to the downtown and enjoy a variety of local food. In the evening, not only will I accompany you to a gym, where we can enjoy the great feeling of sweating, but also we will go to the cinema to end the fantastic day. I’m sure we’ll have a wonderful time and enjoy each other’s company.
I can’t wait to meet you soon!
Yours,
Li Hua
【写作分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写信给John，表达对他的欢迎，并告知他第一天的活动安排。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
各种各样的：various→a variety of
计划：plan to→be scheduled to
开心的：happy→glad
许多：many→a number of
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：In the afternoon, we will pay a visit to the downtown and enjoy a variety of local food.
拓展句：In the afternoon, we will pay a visit to the downtown, during which we will enjoy a variety of local food.
3．假如你是李华，你校英语俱乐部举办英文演讲比赛。请你以“How to Prepare Yourself for Senior Three School Life?”为题，发表一篇英文演讲来激励高三的同学们。
1) 树立目标；2) 学习方面（自拟两个要点）；3) 生活方面；4）发出号召。
注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Hello, everyone!
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
That’s all. Thank you!
【参考范文】
Hello, everyone!
It is my great honor to give you a speech on “How to Prepare Yourself for Senior Three School Life?” As far as I am concerned, there are three important aspects that you need to focus on throughout the last year of your senior high school life.
First of all, every second counts for Senior Three students. Setting a future goal helps you keep focused and stick to what really matters. Secondly, as our school life is becoming more and more challenging, not only must you work hard to acquire as much knowledge as possible, but you also have to foster efficient and effective learning methods and habits which will benefit you a lot in your study. What’s more, getting actively involved in class and reviewing what has been taught /what you have learnt after class are really beneficial to you.
Last but not least, working out every day and having a balanced diet can ensure your health./gurantee you good health. As an old saying goes, “Health is the best wealth”. Without good health, you could do nothing well. I believe we all can achieve our dream as long as we make enough preparations. Everyone, let’s take action now! Live our Senior Three school life to the fullest!
That’s all. Thank you!
【写作分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生以“How to Prepare Yourself for Senior Three School Life?”为题，发表一篇英文演讲来激励高三的同学们。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
荣幸：honor→privilege
重要：count→matter
实现：achieve→realize
在我看来：as far as I am concerned→in my opinion
2. 句式拓展
同义句
原句：What’s more, getting actively involved in class and reviewing what has been taught /what you have learnt after class are really beneficial to you.
拓展句：What’s more, it is really beneficial for you to get actively involved in class and reviewing what has been taught /what you have learnt after class.
4．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My father asked me to chat with him for a while. Actually, I was unwilling to listen to his talking endlessly as he always did. My father was a lawyer, but I never wanted to go to law school or follow his path through life.
As was expected, he cleared his throat and started to say, “Er... What... What do you really want to do in the gorgeous(灿烂的) future?”
I was silent for a moment playing with the cell phone. I kept thinking, “Should I tell him my true thoughts? What if he gets angry? What if I let him down?” later I replied, “Well, I want to be a writer.”
I guessed this may be not the answer he would expect. But surprisingly, “Interesting idea!” he answered. I was shocked, speaking in a low voice with hesitation.
“Are you serious, dad?”
“Well, you need confidence and good preparations, and you still have plenty of time. You need to find out what you really enjoy now. Look, it’s late. Let’s take the boat out tomorrow morning, just you and me. Maybe we can catch some crabs (螃蟹) for dinner, and we can talk more.”
Early next morning we packed up the equipment and set off for the coast. We didn’t talk much, but enjoyed the sound of the seabirds and the sight of the coastline.
There were no big waves and blinding sunlight at that time. “Let’s see if we are lucky,” he said, picked up a web basket with a rope tied and threw it into the sea. We waited a while, then my father stood up and said, “Give me a hand with this,” and we pulled up the crab cage onto the deck.
To our joy, the cage was filled with dozens of soft shell crabs. Squatting (蹲) down, we watched them for a moment. At first they fought against each other to climb out hard, trying to escape. Many were pulled back into the cage. Later, some gave up, but there were still some crabs trying to escape again and again.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
At that moment, my father pointed to the cage, “Look at that crab, there!”
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
From that day on, I was determined to make my dream come true
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
At that moment my father pointed to the cage, “Look at that crab, there!” Staring at the crab, I found that every time he wanted to escape, he was pulled back into the cage. However, he didn't give up his fight. Fortunately, he survived from the struggle eventually. Shocked and amazed, I suddenly understood why my father had suggested catching crabs that morning. I thought the future would be filled with many possibilities. Everyone would need to find out what he enjoyed and held on to it.
From that day on, I was determined to make my dream come true. Besides my devotion to school work, I spent all my spare time making full preparations for becoming a writer. Reading, collecting materials and writing made my life busy but fulfilled, which laid a good foundation for me. Meanwhile, I contributed to literature journals. Gradually, some achievements as a writer increased my confidence. I always think of the crab whenever faced with difficulties. What my father said also encouraged me on my way to success. Now I am grateful for sticking to the thing I truly dreamed of.
【写作分析】
本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者向父亲诉说自己想要成为作家的梦想，出乎作者意料，作者的父亲非常支持。作者的父亲带作者去捉螃蟹，有一只螃蟹一直锲而不舍最终成功逃离。作者从中学到了坚持和努力，最终在成为作家的道路上取得了越来越多的进步和成就。
【详解】
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“就在那一刻，爸爸指着笼子说：‘看那只螃蟹，在那儿！’”可知，第一段可描写这是螃蟹一直不放弃最后成功逃离以及作者的感想。
②由第二段首句内容“从那天起，我就下定决心要实现我的梦想。”可知，第二段可描写作者为实现成为作家的梦想所付出的努力、取得的进步和成就。
2.续写线索：说出梦想——支持——捉螃蟹——感悟——追求梦想——进步——成就
3.词汇激活
行为类
①凝视：stare at/gaze at
②建议：suggest/propose
③投稿：contribute to/submit to
情绪类
①震惊：shocked/surprised
②感激：grateful/thankful
5．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Two years ago, Li Yuhua’s daughter taught her how to shop online. Since then, the 51-year-old farmer in Wushan has been a regular online shopper. Shoppers like Li Yuhua are the new target for China’s e-commerce giants，including Alibaba Group, which operates the Taobao platform, and JD．com. Rural China added 3 million more Internet users in the first half the year, bringing the total number to 225 million, or 26. 3% of the country’s total Internet population of 854 million, according to a report on rural e-commerce development released last week by the China International Electronic Commerce Network. That helped improve rural online sales in the first half of the year by 21 % to $109. 6 billion, outpacing the national growth rate by 3.2 percentage points.
“However, it is a little bit early to say that China’s e-commerce battlefield is moving to rural China,” said Chen Tao, a senior analyst. Unlike urban residents, most rural Chinese haven’t experienced e-commerce shopping. While that provides online platforms with one of the least undeveloped markets for e-commerce, progress has been slow due to the lack of infrastructure（基础设施）and logistics（物流）support.
To address that problem, one of China’s largest e-commerce operators, JD．com hired more deliverymen and tested drone（无人机）delivery services to improve service in rural China. Alibaba Group, China’s largest e-commerce player，announced in April last year that it had invested $717 million in Huitongda Network Co. Ltd, which helps to boost sales in 15,000 towns across 18 provinces.
Another inhibiting factor in the development of rural e-commerce is the income gap. In 2018, annual per capita disposable income（人均可支配收入）in rural areas was 14,600 yuan compared with 39,300 yuan in cities. “Lower disposable incomes in rural areas limit the consumption,” said analyst Chen. It also takes time to educate rural residents to accept e-commerce services as most of them are new to online shopping. There is still a long way to go to popularise online shopping in rural China.’’
【参考范文】
China’s e-commerce giants, Alibaba Group and JD. com, are competing for the rural market, as the growing rural Internet population boosts online sales. However, lacking necessary infrastructure and logistics support, the market of rural China develops slowly. To handle that problem, relevant measures are taken respectively to promote service and sales. Still, there remains much to be done, considering the low income and the time needed to generalise online shopping in rural areas.
【写作分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，随着越来越多的农村网民推动在线销售，中国的电子商务巨头阿里巴巴集团和京东网正在争夺农村市场。然而，由于缺乏必要的基础设施和物流支持，中国农村市场发展缓慢。针对这一问题，分别采取了相应的措施来促进服务和销售。尽管如此，考虑到农村地区的低收入和普及网上购物所需的时间，仍有许多工作要做。
【详解】
1 要点摘录
①Shoppers like Li Yuhua are the new target for China’s e-commerce giants, including Alibaba Group, which operates the Taobao platform, and JD. com.
②Rural China added 3 million more Internet users in the first half the year, bringing the total number to 225 million, or 26. 3% of the country’s total Internet population of 854 million, according to a report on rural e-commerce development released last week by the China International Electronic Commerce Network.
③While that provides online platforms with one of the least undeveloped markets for e-commerce, progress has been slow due to the lack of infrastructure（基础设施）and logistics（物流）support.
④To address that problem, one of China’s largest e-commerce operators, JD. com hired more deliverymen and tested drone（无人机）delivery services to improve service in rural China.
⑤Alibaba Group, China’s largest e-commerce player, announced in April last year that it had invested $717 million in Huitongda Network Co. Ltd, which helps to boost sales in 15,000 towns across 18 provinces.
⑥ There is still a long way to go to popularise online shopping in rural China.
2.缜密构思
将第3、6两个要点进行重组，将第1、2和4、5几个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
China’s e-commerce giants, Alibaba Group and JD. com, are competing for the rural market, as the growing rural Internet population boosts online sales.
However, lacking necessary infrastructure and logistics support, the market of rural China develops slowly.
To handle that problem, relevant measures are taken respectively to promote service and sales.
Still, there remains much to be done, considering the low income and the time needed to generalise online shopping in rural areas.
思源教育（原上海交大思源进修学院，简称思源教育）成立于1996年，自建校以来，秉承校训，提供专业的高考高复、三校生高复、艺考生文化课等，学生遍及全市各区，至今已帮助六万多余名学子取得优异成绩，成功考入理想的各级院校！20余年来思源已成为“中考教学研究中心”、“中学个性化学习教育基地”、“快速学习法”实验学校。
32035781/62581699 交复致远徐汇三校生高复校区
（详情请点击） 徐汇区广元西路12号（工商银行隔壁）62932552/62932882 交复致远中高考学习中心
（详情请点击） 徐汇区华山路1988号汇银大厦北楼619400-678-9493 思源教育龙漕路校区
（详情请点击） 徐汇区龙漕路223号思源教育
