干货 | 精解小学英语语法——话题和构词法

话题

1、介绍

My name is Tom.

I’m Gao Shan.

This is David.

The man in a white coat is my father.

2、问候、告别

Hello! /Hi!

Good morning! / Good afternoon! /Good evening!

How are you? --- Fine, thank you. / Not bad, thank you. / Not so good.

Nice to meet you. --- Nice to meet you , too.

How do you do?---How do you do?

Goodbye! / Bye! / Bye-Bye!

See you (tomorrow/later).

Good night.

3、谈论人或物

What’s your name? / Your name, please?

Who is he?

What’s this in English?

How old are you?

Where are you from? / Are you from the USA?

What’s your job?

What is she?

4、请求、劝告、建议、征求

May I come in?

Can I have a look?

Yes. / Sure.

Sorry, you can’t.

Don’t forget to close the windows.

We must go home now.

Let’s go to school.

Shall we go now?

Why don’t you buy a new one?

What about a cup of tea?

Would you like a hamburger?

What would you like?

Yes, please. / Yes, I’d like to./ Yes, I’d love to.

No, thanks.

5、道歉、感谢、赞扬

Excuse me.

Sorry. / I’m sorry.---That’s OK/all right. / It’s doesn’t matter.

Thanks. / Thank you. / Thank you very much.

Not at all. / You ‘re welcome. / It’s my pleasure.

It’s pretty/ smart/nice.

How nice!

6、询问时间、星期及日期

What’s the time? / what time is it now?---It’s twelve o’clock. It’s time to have lunch.

What day is it today?---It’s Sunday/Monday/Tuesday/Wednesday/Thursday/Friday.

What date is it today? --- It’s the 12th of July.

7、购物

Can I help you?/What can I do for you?/What would you like?

---I’d like a/an/some…

Anything else?

What about the red one?

How many kilos? --- Five kilos, please.

How much is it/are they?---It’s /They’re twenty yuan.

Here’s your change.

8、打电话

Hello, may I speak to Nancy?--- This is Nancy speaking.

Is that Tom (speaking)?---Yes, this is Tom speaking.

Who’s that(speaking)?--- It’s Liu Tao here.

Wait for a minutes. / Hold on , please.

Sorry, she isn’t in.

9、问路、指路

Excuse me. Where’s the nearest post office？

How can I get to the nearest post office?

Can you show/tell me the way to the nearest post office?

How far is the nearest post office from here?

How many stops are there?

Go along this road and then turn right/left at the third crossing.

The post office is on your right/left.

It’s over there. Near the Bank of China.

You can take bus No.8 and get off at the third stop.

Sorry, I don’t know. You can ask the policeman. 

11、谈论兴趣爱好

Do you have any hobbies?

What’s your hobby?

Do you like swimming?

I (don’t) like swimming.

We have the same hobby.

12、谈论天气

What’s the weather like today?

How is the weather?

It’s sunny/rainy/cloudy/windy/warm/cool/hot/cold.

Which season do you like best?

13、询问和表达感觉

What’s the matter? / What’s wrong with you? / How do you feel now?

I’m tired. / I feel ill. / I’ve got a bad cough.

I’m sorry to here that. / I hope you get better soon.

Take some medicine and have a lot of rest.

Here’s some medicine for you.

I can get some fruit for you

14、谈论节日

When’s Christmas?---It’s on the 25th of December.

What do people usually do on Christmas day?

What’s your favourite holiday?

构词法

英语中的三种主要构词法：

1、合成法：由两个或更多的词合成一个词。

如：

basket（篮子） + ball（球）＝ basketball（篮球）

post（邮寄）＋ office（办公室） ＝ post office（邮局）

pencil（铅笔）＋ box（盒子）＝ pencil-box（文具盒）

2、派生法：由词根加前缀或后缀构成一个新词。

如：

un + usual（寻常） = unusual（不寻常）

usual（寻常） + ly = usually（寻常地）

3、转化法：由一种词性转化为另一种词性。

如：

water 水（名词）―――water 浇水（动词）

light 灯（名词）―――light 轻的（形容词）

book 书（名词）―――book 预订（动词）

hand 手（名词）―――hand 上交（动词）