日期:2020-10-14 13:27 点击:
英语中的句子按照句式可以分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
一、陈述句用来说明事实或说话人的看法;分为肯定句和否定句。 例如:
My name is Lily. 我的名字叫莉莉。(肯定句)
She isn’t a teacher. 她不是一个老师。(否定句)
二、祈使句用来表示请求、命令、劝告和建议等。例如:
Open the door please! 请打开门。
三、感叹句用来表达强烈的感情。例如:
What a beautiful girl she is!
她真是个漂亮的女孩儿啊!
四、疑问句用来提出问题。例如:
Are you my new teacher? 你是我的新老师吗?
本节课,我们将重点讲解疑问句的用法。
疑问句可以分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和附加疑问句。本册书中我们重点学习的是一般疑问句和特殊疑问句。
1. 一般疑问句。
(1) 什么是一般疑问句?
可以用Yes或者No来回答的疑问句是一般疑问句。一般疑问句读的时候往往要用升调;译成汉语的时候常可以译为“……吗?”。例如:
-Are you a student? 你是个学生吗?
-Yes, I am. 是的,我是。
-Can you speak English? 你会说英语吗?
-Yes, I can. 是的,我会。
-Do you go to school every day? 你每天都上学吗?
-No, I don’t. 不,不是。
(2)如何将陈述句变成一般疑问句?
① 句中有be动词(am,is, are,was, were等)、助动词(do,does,did, have, had等)或情态动词(can,must,will,may等)时,将其提到句首,句末加上问号即可。例如:
he is a clever girl. 她是个聪明的女孩。
→Is she a clever girl? 她是个聪明的女孩吗?
I can swim. 我会游泳。
→Can you swim? 你会游泳吗?
② 如果句中没有be动词、助动词或情态动词,则要根据不同的时态在句首加上相应的助动词来构成一般疑问句。例如,我们目前学过的一般现在时,当句子的谓语动词是行为动词时,把句子变成一般疑问句就要在句首加上助动词do或者does提问。主语是第三人称单数时用does,其余人称用do。此时句子的谓语动词要用原形。例如:
He likes reading books. 他喜欢读书。
→Does he like reading books? 他喜欢读书吗?
I do my homework every day. 我每天做作业。
→Do you do your homework every day? 你每天都做作业吗?
注意:在把陈述句变成一般疑问句时,除了以上的变化外,还要注意一些相应的词的变化,例如人称的变化,或者把 some变成any等。例如:
She has some bread for breakfast. 她早餐吃了些面包。
→Does she have any bread for breakfast? 她早餐吃了些面包吗?
I am a student. 我是个学生。
→Are you a student? 你是个学生吗?
I do my homework every day. 我每天做作业。
→Do you do your homework every day? 你每天都做作业吗?
2. 特殊疑问句。
(1)什么是特殊疑问句?
特殊疑问句是以特殊疑问词开头,用来询问具体的某一方面信息的疑问句。特殊疑问句中常见的特殊疑问词有:what(什么),who(谁),where(哪里), when(何时),why(为什么),how(如何)等。特殊疑问句在回答的时候,不可以用Yes 或者No,必须回答具体的内容。例如:
-What’s his name? 他叫什么名字?
-His name is Tom. 他的名字是汤姆。
-Who is the girl? 那个女孩儿是谁?
-She’s my sister. 她是我的姐姐。
-Why were you late for school? 你为什么又迟到了?
-Because I got up late. 因为我起晚了。
-Whose book is this? 这是谁的书?
-It’s mine. 这是我的书。
-Which color do you like? 你喜欢哪个颜色?
-I like red. 我喜欢红色。
(2)如何将陈述句变为特殊疑问句?
当我们对一个陈述句中的某一项内容进行提问时,就构成一个特殊疑问句。此时首先要确定用哪一个疑问词,然后将原来的句子变为一般疑问句放在疑问词的后面,把句号变为问号。
① 果对主语或修饰主语的词提问其语序是陈述句的语序:“特殊疑问词(+名词)+谓语动词+...?”。例如:
It’s me. (对划线部分提问)
→Who is it?
This is my bike. (对划线部分提问)
→ Whose bike is this?
②如果对其他成分提问,其语序是:"特殊疑问词+一般疑问句"。例如:
She looks like her mother. (对划线部分提问)
→Who does she look like?
I’m from England. (对划线部分提问)
→Where are you from?
(3)常见的特殊疑问词的用法。
① 特殊疑问词What的相关用法。
What可以用来 询问姓名、年龄、事物、职业和数学计算结果等。例如:
What’s your name? 你叫什么名字?
What’s your age?=How old are you? 你多大了?
What is two plus four? 二加四是多少?
询问几点几分用What time(询问什么时候用When)、询问星期几用What day,询问日期用What’s the date?例如:
What day is it today? 今天是星期几?
What time is it now? 现在是几点了?
What’s the date today? 今天是几号?
What about可以用来征求别人的意见和建议,等于How about。例如:
What about going fishing after school? 放学后去钓鱼如何?
What class/grade可以用来 询问在哪一个班或者年级,此时也可以用Which class/grade。例如:
-What class are you in? 你在哪一个班级?
-I am in Class Two, Grade One. 我在一年级二班。
询问是什么颜色用What color。例如:
-What color is your bike? 你的自行车是什么颜色?
-It’s black. 是黑色的。
②其他特殊疑问词的用法。
询问某人是谁用Who,询问某物是谁的用Whose。例如:
-Who is your teacher? 谁是你的老师?
-The man in black coat. 穿黑色大衣的那个男人。
-Whose bike is this? 这是谁的自行车?
-It’s my father’s. 它是我爸爸的。
询问哪一个用Which。例如:
Which color do you like? 你喜欢哪个颜色?
询问地点用Where。例如:
Where is your book? 你的书在哪里?
询问原因用Why。例如:
Why are you late again? 你为什么又迟到了?
询问方式、状况或者程度等可以用How。
例如:How can I get to the station? 我怎样能到车站?
询问某物的价格和价钱用How much。
例如:How much is your bike? 你的自行车多少钱?
How much are these apples? 这些苹果多少钱?
注意:询问某物有多少可以用How many和How much。How many的后面用可数名词的复数形式,How much的后面用不可数名词。例如:
How many people are there in your family? 你家有多少口人?
How much water is there in the bottle? 瓶子里有多少水?
How的相关词组还有很多,我们在以后的学习中要进一步积累。
Ⅰ.单项选择。
1.-_____ is your dictionary?
- 10 Yuan.
A. How much
B. How many
C. What
D. Whose
2.-_______ subjects do you have ?
- Seven.
A. How long
B. How many
C. How much
D. How far
3.-_______ do you like best?
- I like math best.
A. Which subject
B. What food
C. What color
D.Which sport
4. - ________ do you like science?
-________it’s interesting.
A. Why; So
B. What; Because
C. Why; Because
D. How; Because
5. When _______the girl ________ her homework?
A. does; does
B. does; do
C. do; does
D. do; do
6. —Does he want to go to a movie?
— _______.
A. Yes, he does
B. No, he does
C. Yes, he doesn’t
D. Yes, she is
7. -_______ kind of movies do you like?
- I like comedies very much.
A. What’s
B. How
C. What
D. Why
8. - ______ are these bananas?
- Five dollars.
A. What color
B. How about
C. How much
D. How many
9. -Can we play football in the street?
-No, you _____. It’s dangerous.
A. can
B. mustn’t
C. may
D. may not
10. -_____ does he play football?
- In the afternoon.
A. When
B. Where
C. How
D. What
【真题链接】
1. —_____ is your father? Does he still work as an engineer?
—Yes, he has been an engineer for thirty years.
A. Who
B. How
C. What
D. Which
2.—_____ does your father go to the fitness center?
—He exercises there twice a week.
A. How soon
B. How often
C. How long
3.—_________will the invitations be sent to our guests?
—In three days.
A. How often
B. How soon
C. How long
D. How far
4.—_____ is it from the New Town to the old city centre?
—Less than 30 minutes by underground.
A. How soon
B. How often
C. How long
D. How far
Ⅱ. 按要求完成句子。
1. His favorite subject is art.(就划线部分提问)
_______ _______ his favorite subject?
2. They like broccoli. (改为一般疑问句)
________ they ________ broccoli?
3. I like thrillers because it’s scary. (就划线部分提问)
________ ________ ________ ________ thrillers?
4. My book is on the sofa.(一般疑问句并回答)
-________ ________ book on the sofa?
-Yes, ______ is. / No, it _______.
5. His sister likes to be a musician. (就划线部分提问)
________ ________ to be a musician?
6. He does his homework after school every day. (改为一般疑问句)
_______he _______ his homework after school every day?
7. John has P.E. on Monday. (就划线部分提问)
________ ________ John have P.E.?
8. Mrs. Yang works in a shop. (就划线部分提问)
________ does Mrs. Yang _______?
9. They are under the bed. (一般疑问句并回答)
-_______ _______ under the bed?
-Yes, _______ _______. / No, _______ ________.
10. My father is OK. (就划线部分提问)
________ ________ your father?
11. Does she like ice cream? (作否定回答)
_________, she _________.
12. My bed is yellow. (就划线部分提问)
_______ _______ is _______ bed?
13. That’s a box. (改为一般疑问句,并作肯定回答)
-________ ________ a box?
-______, ________ ________.
14. The notebook is in the bag.(就划线部分提问)
_________ the notebook?
15. I can spell that. (改为一般疑问句)
________ ________ spell that?
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